Tretinoin

A natural signaling molecule.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - theoretical effect

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

1
Supporting references
0
Contradictory references
14
AI-suggested references
13
Clinical trials

General information

Tretinoin on PubChem


Synonyms

Retinoic acid

 

Structure image - Tretinoin

CC1=C(C(CCC1)(C)C)/C=C/C(=C/C=C/C(=C/C(=O)O)/C)/C


Supporting references

Link Tested on Impact factor Notes Publication date
In silico identification of Tretinoin as a SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein ion channel inhibitor
Envelope protein Small molecule In silico
in silico 3.43

Predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein (E).

Oct/20/2020

AI-suggested references

Link Publication date
RIG-I triggers a signaling-abortive anti-SARS-CoV-2 defense in human lung cells.
May/11/2021
Treating Melanoma in Situ During a Pandemic with Telemedicine and a Combination of Imiquimod, 5-Fluorouracil, and Tretinoin
Jan/17/2021
Nanoparticle-delivered TLR4 and RIG-I agonists enhance immune response to SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine
Apr/28/2022
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Interacts with RIG-I and Represses RIG-Mediated IFN-beta Production
Feb/25/2022
Differential roles of RIG-I like receptors in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Sep/07/2021
All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exhibits Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibiting 3CLpro Activity
Mar/31/2020
Genomics-guided identification of potential modulators of SARS-CoV-2 entry proteases, TMPRSS2 and Cathepsins B/L.
Aug/18/2021
Drug Repurposing for COVID-19 Treatment by Integrating Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomics.
Apr/14/2021
Prolyl isomerase Pin1 plays an essential role in SARS-CoV-2 proliferation, indicating its possibility as a novel therapeutic target
Sep/17/2021
Retinoic acid improves baseline barrier function and attenuates TNF-alpha-induced barrier leak in human bronchial epithelial cell culture model, 16HBE 14o-
Dec/10/2020
Porcine deltacoronavirus nucleocapsid protein species-specifically suppressed IRF7-induced type I interferon production via ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway
Sep/19/2020
Mega doses of retinol: A possible immunomodulation in Covid-19 illness in resource-limited settings
Dec/31/2020
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Targets RIG-I-Like Receptor Pathways to Inhibit the Induction of Interferon Response.
Mar/02/2021
Oral etoposide combined with oral arsenic plus retinoic acid for two cases with newly diagnosed high-risk acute promyelocytic leukemia during COVID19 pandemic.
Jul/14/2021

Clinical trials

ID Title Status Phase Start date Completion date
NCT04361422 Isotretinoin in Treatment of COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 3 Dec/01/2020 Dec/01/2021
  • Alternative id - 9469305c
  • Interventions - Drug: Isotretinoin Only Product in Oral Dose Form
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 300
  • Age - 18 Years to 40 Years   (Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Clinical clearance
NCT04396067 Aerosol Combination Therapy of All-trans Retinoic Acid and Isotretinoin as A Novel Treatment for Inducing Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID -19 Infected Patients Better Than Vaccine : An Innovative Treatment Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Oct/01/2020 Dec/01/2020
  • Alternative id - COVID-19
  • Interventions - Drug: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid|Drug: Aerosolized All trans retinoic acid|Other: Placebo
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 360
  • Age - 18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Serum levels of CRP, ESR ,IL-1,IL-6,TNF and Type I interferon|Serum level of COVID19 RNA|d-dimers|Absolute lymphocyte counts|The immune correlates of protection against future exposure to SARS-CoV-2|Immunological profile|Total duration of mechanical ventilation, ventilatory weaning and curarisation|Occurrence of adverse event related to immunoglobulins|IgG, IgA and IgM against COVID-19|ACE2 expression in patients with COVID-19 infection|All cause mortality rate [|Ventilation free days|ICU free days
NCT04663906 Oral Isotretinoin and Covid-19 Infection Not yet recruiting Jan/15/2021 May/31/2021
  • Alternative id - 1/095/20
  • Interventions -
  • Study type - Observational
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Observational Model: Other|Time Perspective: Retrospective
  • Enrollment - 300
  • Age - 16 Years to 40 Years   (Child, Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Primary Outcome|Secondary Outcome
NCT04353180 Assessment the Activity Value of Isotretinoin (13- Cis-Retinoic Acid ) in the Treatment of COVID-19 ( Isotretinoin in Treatment of COVID-19) (Randomized) Not yet recruiting Phase 3 Aug/01/2021 Nov/01/2021
  • Alternative id - Proposed by Mahmoud Elkazzaz
  • Interventions - Drug: Drug Isotretinoin (13 cis retinoic acid ) capsules+standard treatment|Drug: Isotretinoin(Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid) +standard treatment|Drug: Isotretinoin (13 cis retinoic acid ) capsules|Drug: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid|Drug: Standard treatment
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Cairo, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt|Faculty of Medicine, Kafr El-sheikh University, Cairo, Egypt
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 100000
  • Age - 18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Absolute lymphocyte counts (CD4,CD8 and CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T)|Serum levels of IL-6,TNF,TLR3,CRP, ESR and Type I interferon|Serum level of COVID19 RNA|All cause mortality rate|Ventilation free days|ICU free days|d-dimers|Time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR in NP swap|Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-5 (Ang 1-5) changes over time|Renin changes over time|Aldosterone changes over time|Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) changes over time|Frequency of adverse events and severe adverse events|Angiotensin II (Ang II) changes over time|Sequential organ failure assessment score(SOFA score) over time|Transe membrane protease ,serine II (TMPRSS2) changes over time|Testosterone levels changes over time|Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels changes over time|Cholesterol levels changes over time|Thrombin time (TT)|IgA antibodies|Melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5, retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-1)
NCT04578236 Efficacy of Aerosol Combination Therapy of 13 Cis Retinoic Acid and Captopril for Treating Covid-19 Patients Via Indirect Inhibition of Transmembrane Protease, Serine 2 (TMPRSS2) Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Nov/01/2020 Jan/01/2021
  • Alternative id - SARS
  • Interventions - Combination Product: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid plus Inhalation administration by nebulization captopril 25mg|Drug: Drug: Standard treatment Standard treatment
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 360
  • Age - 18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Transe membrane protease ,serine II (TMPRSS2) changes over time|Testosterone levels changes over time|Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels changes over time|Cholesterol levels changes over time|Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-5 (Ang 1-5) changes over time|Renin changes over time|Aldosterone changes over time|Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) changes over time|Time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR in NP swap|All cause mortality rate|Ventilation free days|ICU free days
NCT04730895 Investigating the Role of 13cis Retinoic Acid in the Treatment of COVID-19 and Enhancement of Its Spike Protein Based Vaccine Efficacy and Safety. Not yet recruiting Phase 1|Phase 2 Jul/01/2021 Dec/01/2023
  • Alternative id - COVID vaccine
  • Interventions - Drug: Oral 13 cis retinoic acid|Drug: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid|Combination Product: 13 cis retinoic acid doses orally in combination with spike protein based vaccine|Combination Product: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid in combination with spike protein based vaccine|Biological: Biological: spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Enrollment - 360
  • Age - 18 Years to 40 Years   (Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Assess the efficacy of the candidate oral and aerosolized isotretinoin for providing complete protection against COVID-19 in adults aged 18 years and older.|Assess the safety of the candidate spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in adults aged 18 years and older.|Assess the efficacy of the candidate vaccine spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine for providing complete protection against COVID-19 in adults aged 18 years and older.|Assess the efficacy of the candidate spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 combined with oral and aerosolized isotetinoin in adults aged 18 years and older. for providing complete protection against COVID-19|Assess the safety of the candidate spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in combination with oral or aersolized 13 cis retinoic acid in adults aged 18 years and older.|Assess efficacy of the candidate oral and aerosolized isotretinoin against COVID-19|Assess efficacy of the candidate spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against COVID-19|Assess safety of the candidate spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine combined with oral and aerosolized isotetinoin in vaccinated participants|Assessment the expression of MDAP-5 , RIG-1 , IFN1, TLR3 and IFN1 in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|Absolute lymphocyte counts (CD4,CD8 and CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T cells ) in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|Assessment the generated IgA antibodies in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|Thrombin|Assessment the expression of Transe membrane protease ,serine II (TMPRSS2) changes over time in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|Assessment the expression of Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) changes over time in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|Platelet aggregation in Isotretinoin treated participants in comparison with vaccinated participants with spike protein based vaccine such as ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine|ACE2 autoantibodies IgG and IgM
NCT05077813 Utilizing the Crosstalk Among Chicoric Acid, 13-Cis Retinoic Acid(Aerosolized), Minocycline and Vitamin D as a Potent Quadrate Therapy for Treating Patients With Multidrug-resistant TB and Patient With Both Multidrug-resistant TB and COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Dec/01/2021 Feb/01/2022
  • Alternative id - How to kill Tuberculosis
  • Interventions - Combination Product: 13 cis retinoic acid, Minocycline, Chicroic Acid and Vitamin D for (MDR-TB)|Combination Product: 9 cis retinoic acid, Minocycline, Chicroic Acid and Vitamin D for (MDR-TB)|Combination Product: All trans retinoic acid , Minocycline,Chicroic Acid and Vitamin D for (MDR-TB)|Combination Product: All trans retinoic acid, Minocycline, Chicroic Acid and Vitamin D For (COVID-19 and MDR-TB)|Combination Product: 13 cis retinoic acid, Minocycline, Chicroic Acid and Vitamin D For (COVID-19 and MDR-TB)|Other: The standard therapy
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Kafr El-sheikh University, Cairo, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt|Ministry of health. First health cluster, Riyadh, Riaydh, Saudi Arabia
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Single (Participant)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 250
  • Age - 18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR in NP swap and Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum culture|Sputum culture result (positive or negative)& COVID-19 PCR (positive or negative)|Serum levels of CRP and ESR|All cause mortality rate|Absolute lymphocyte counts (CD4,CD8 and CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T)|Measurement of cytokine (IFN-gamma and alpha , IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta) levels produced in response to M. tb.|Vitamin D status|Retinoic acid status|Minocycline status|Serum indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) enzyme status|Chicoric Acid status
NCT04382950 Combination of Recombinant Bacterial ACE2 Receptors -Like Enzyme of B38-CAP and Isotretinoin Could be Promising Treatment for COVID-19 Infection- and Its Inflammatory Complications Not yet recruiting Phase 1 Jul/01/2021 Oct/01/2021
  • Alternative id - COV-2019 Treatment This is
  • Interventions - Combination Product: Recombinant Bacterial ACE2 receptors -like enzyme of B38-CAP (rbACE2) plus Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 24
  • Age - 18 Years to 60 Years   (Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Time course of body temperature (fever)|Viral load over time|P/F ratio over time|Sequential organ failure assessment score(SOFA score) over time|Pulmonary Severity Index (PSI)|Image examination of chest over time|Proportion of subjects who progressed to critical illness or death|Time from first dose to conversion to normal or mild pneumonia|T-lymphocyte counts over time|C-reactive protein levels over time|Angiotensin II (Ang II) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-5 (Ang 1-5) changes over time|Renin changes over time|Aldosterone changes over time|Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) changes over time|Interleukin 6 (IL-6) changes over time|Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNFrII) changes over time|Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) changes over time|Von willebrand factor (vWF) changes over time|Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) changes over time|Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) changes over time|Surfactant protein-D (SP-D) changes over time|Frequency of adverse events and severe adverse events
NCT04623385 Clinical Role of Testosterone and Dihydrotestosterone and Which of Them Should be Inhibited in COVID-19 Patients - A Double-edged Sword? Not yet recruiting Phase 4 Nov/01/2020 Dec/01/2021
  • Alternative id - SARS -2
  • Interventions - Combination Product: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid plus Inhalation Inhaled testosterone|Drug: The standard therapy
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 1000
  • Age - 18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Absolute lymphocyte counts|Serum levels of CRP, ESR ,IL-1,IL-6,TNF and Type I interferon|Serum level of COVID19 RNA|Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-5 (Ang 1-5) changes over time|Renin changes over time|Aldosterone changes over time|Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) changes over time|Frequency of adverse events and severe adverse events|Transe membrane protease ,serine II (TMPRSS2) changes over time|Testosterone levels changes over time|Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels changes over time|Cholesterol levels changes over time|Thrombin time (TT)
NCT05002530 Investigating the Potential Role of Aerosolized Retinoic Acid, a Potent Vitamin A Metabolite for Treating COVID-19 Anosmia and Retinoic Acid Insufficiency .A Novel Approach for Regaining Sense of Smell. Not yet recruiting Phase 4 Nov/01/2021 Jan/01/2022
  • Alternative id - Vitamin A and Anosmnia
  • Interventions - Drug: Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid plus Vitamin D|Drug: Aerosolized All trans retinoic acid plus Vitamin D|Other: Standard therapy
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Quan Liu, Foshan, Guangdong, China|Tamer Haydara, Kafr Ash Shaykh, Kafr Elshiekh, Egypt|Ministry of health.First health cluster ,Riaydh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 10000
  • Age - 18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Improvement of olfaction|Modified Brief Questionnaire of Olfactory Dysfunction (mQOD-NS)|Sinonasal Outcomes Test|Sinonasal Outcomes Test (SNOT-22)|Frequency of adverse events and severe adverse events|Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression in lungs and olfactory region|STRA6 expression in lungs and olfactory region|Retinoic acid blood levels|Il-6 blood levels
NCT04568096 Combination of Chemopreventive Agents (All- Trans Retinoic Acid and Tamoxifen) as Potential Treatment for the Lung Complication of COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Nov/01/2020 Dec/01/2020
  • Alternative id - COVID-2019
  • Interventions - Combination Product: Aerosolized All-Trans Retinoic acid plus oral Tamoxifen|Other: Standard treatment
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 160
  • Age - 18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) changes over time|Angiotensin 1-5 (Ang 1-5) changes over time|Renin changes over time|Aldosterone changes over time|Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) changes over time|Frequency of adverse events and severe adverse events|Angiotensin II (Ang II) changes over time|Sequential organ failure assessment score(SOFA score) over time|Transe membrane protease ,serine II (TMPRSS2) changes over time|Testosterone levels changes over time|Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels changes over time|Thrombin time (TT)
NCT04389580 Combination Therapy With Isotretinoin and Tamoxifen Expected to Provide Complete Protection Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Sep/01/2021 Dec/01/2021
  • Alternative id - COV-19 Treatment This is
  • Interventions - Drug: Drug: Isotretinoin plus Tamoxifen|Drug: Aerosolized Isotretinoin plus Tamoxifen
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 160
  • Age - 18 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Absolute lymphocyte counts|Serum levels of CRP, ESR ,IL-1,IL-6,TNF and Type I interferon|Serum level of COVID19 RNA|All cause mortality rate|Ventilation free days|ICU free days|d-dimers|Time to first negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR in NP swap
NCT04577378 Efficacy and Safety of Drug Combination Therapy of Isotretinoin and Some Antifungal Drugs as A Potential Aerosol Therapy for COVID-19 : An Innovative Therapeutic Approach COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Oct/20/2020 Nov/20/2020
  • Alternative id - Isotretinoin
  • Interventions - Drug: Drug: Isotretinoin(Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid) plus Aerosolized Itraconazole|Drug: Drug: Isotretinoin(Aerosolized 13 cis retinoic acid)
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Kafr El-sheikh University, Cairo, Kafr El-sheikh, Egypt
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment|Masking: Single (Participant)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 45
  • Age - 15 Years to 80 Years   (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - lung injury score|Absolute lymphocyte counts|Serum levels of CRP, ESR ,IL-1,IL-6,TNF and Type I interferons|All cause mortality rate|Serum level of viral RNA|Ventilation free days|ICU free days