Other substances

Tenofovir

An adenosine analogue.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Tenofovir is a nucleotid analogue and a reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It (or its prodrug) is used in the treatment of HIV-1 and hepatitis B virus infections (LiverTox, ChEBI).

Tenofovir on DrugBank
Tenofovir on PubChem
Tenofovir on Wikipedia

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Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
Triphosphates of the Two Components in DESCOVY and TRUVADA are Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Preprint	in vitro			Apr/05/2020
MCCS: a novel recognition pattern-based method for fast track discovery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs 3CLpro Small molecule In silico	in silico	8.99	The disoproxil prodrug is predicted to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.	Oct/20/2020
Computational drug re-purposing targeting the spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 as an effective strategy to neutralize COVID-19 Spike protein Small molecule In silico	in silico	3.26	Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD.	Nov/06/2020
Effectiveness of rosuvastatin plus colchicine, emtricitabine/tenofovir and combinations thereof in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a pragmatic, open-label randomized trial ARDS Small molecule Randomized controlled open trial	Pneumonia patients		The combined treatment using colchicine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, and rosuvastatin resulted in lower mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation need compared to control. Sample size: (ITT) 159 + 161 control. Dosage: 300 mg daily for 10 days. Main outcome: 28-day mortality.	Dec/20/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Early combination treatment with existing HIV antivirals: an effective treatment for COVID-19?	Nov/30/2021
Computational screening of dual inhibitors from FDA approved antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the main protease using molecular docking approach.	Mar/30/2021
Identification of potential antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 using virtual screening method.	Feb/10/2021
Activation of Tenofovir Alafenamide and Sofosbuvir in the Human Lung and Its Implications in the Development of Nucleoside/Nucleotide Prodrugs for Treating SARS-CoV-2 Pulmonary Infection	Oct/11/2021
Rapid Recovery in COVID-19 Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Treated with Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate	Jul/13/2021
Nucleotide Analogues as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase, a Key Drug Target for COVID-19	Aug/05/2020
On a knife's edge of a COVID-19 pandemic: is containment still possible?	Mar/09/2020
In silico studies of selected multi-drug targeting against 3CLpro and nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.	Mar/25/2021
Preventive Efficacy of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users.	Sep/25/2020
SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective	May/06/2020
Comparative Antiviral Activity of Remdesivir and Anti-HIV Nucleoside Analogs against Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E)	May/17/2020
Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation	Mar/05/2021
Safety of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) for Pregnant Women facing the COVID-19 Pandemic	Apr/26/2021
Antiviral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection triggering the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic	Dec/04/2020
Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors and nucleos(t)ide RNA polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19	Mar/04/2021
A library of nucleotide analogues terminate RNA synthesis catalyzed by polymerases of coronaviruses that cause SARS and COVID-19	Jun/18/2020
Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome?	Mar/02/2021
Computational basis of SARS-CoV 2 main protease inhibition: an insight from molecular dynamics simulation based findings	May/13/2021
Tenofovir, Another Inexpensive, Well-Known and Widely Available Old Drug Repurposed for SARS-COV-2 Infection.	May/11/2021
Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study	Mar/25/2020
An open-label, randomized, single intravenous dosing study to investigate the effect of fixed-dose combinations of tenofovir/lamivudine or atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of remdesivir in Ugandan healthy volunteers (RemTLAR).	Nov/23/2021
Antiretroviral drug activity and potential for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 and HIV infection.	Mar/15/2021
Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets	Mar/24/2021
Combination of antiviral drugs inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase and exonuclease and demonstrates COVID-19 therapeutic potential in viral cell culture	Feb/22/2022
Key genetic elements, single and in clusters, underlying geographically dependent SARS-CoV-2 genetic adaptation and their impact on binding affinity for drugs and immune control	Jul/09/2020
A Study of 3CLpros as Promising Targets against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.	Apr/03/2021
Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19	Feb/26/2021
Effect of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate and Emtricitabine on nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral load burden amongst outpatients with COVID-19: A pilot, randomized, open-label phase 2 trial.	Jun/27/2021
Identification of therapeutic drugs against COVID-19 through computational investigation on drug repurposing and structural modification	Oct/31/2020

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04812496	Tenofovir-DF Versus Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 (TEDHICOV)	Completed		Mar/01/2020	Jan/15/2021
Alternative id - TEDHICOV Interventions - Study type - Observational Study results - No Results Available Locations - Hospital Nacional CASE - EsSalud, Arequipa, Peru Study designs - Observational Model: Cohort\|Time Perspective: Retrospective Enrollment - 100 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Mortality within 30 days of hospital admission\|Mechanical Ventilation\|Hospital stay
NCT04890626	Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Different Treatments in Patients With COVID-19	Recruiting	Phase 3	Apr/04/2020	Nov/30/2022
Alternative id - PanCOVID Interventions - Drug: Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate 200 MG-245 MG Oral Tablet [TRUVADA]\|Drug: Baricitinib + dexamethasone\|Drug: Dexamethasone Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 2193 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Mortality
NCT04334928	Randomized Clinical Trial for the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) in Healthcare Personnel	Completed	Phase 3	Apr/15/2020	Jul/11/2021
Alternative id - PrEP COVID-19 Interventions - Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil\|Drug: Hydroxychloroquine\|Drug: Placebo: Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil Placebo\|Drug: Placebo: Hydroxychloroquine Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Hospital Universitario de Ferrol, Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain\|Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago De Compostela, A Coruña, Spain\|Hospital General de Elche, Elche, Alicante, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain\|Hospital Sant Joan de Deu de Esplugues, Esplugues De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain\|Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu de Sant Boi, Sant Boi De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Moisès Broggi, Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Infanta Margarita, Cabra, Córdoba, Spain\|Hospital Insular de Las Palmas, Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain\|Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain\|Hospital de Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain\|Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain\|Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcalá De Henares, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Colllado Villalba, Collado-Villalba, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital de Móstoles, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Quirón Pozuelo, Pozuelo De Alarcón, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital de Torrejón, Torrejón De Ardoz, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Infanta Elena, Valdemoro, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Virgen del Castillo, Yecla, Murcia, Spain\|Hospital Costa del Sol, Marbella, Málaga, Spain\|Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain\|Hospital Reina Sofía, Tudela, Navarra, Spain\|Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Llíria, Valencia, Spain\|Hospital de Araba, Alava, Vitoria, Spain\|Hospital General Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain\|Centro Médico Teknon, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Quirón Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Sagrat Cor, Barcelona, Spain\|Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain\|Hospital Virgen de la Luz, Cuenca, Spain\|Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, Granada, Spain\|Hospital Universitario de León, León, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain\|Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital La Princesa, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañon, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain\|Hospital Reina Sofía, Murcia, Spain\|Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain\|Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain\|Complejo Asistencial de Palencia, Palencia, Spain\|Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain\|Hospital General de Segovia, Segovia, Spain\|Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain\|Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain\|Hospital Clinico Universitario, Valencia, Spain\|Hospital Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain\|Hospital General de Valencia, Valencia, Spain\|Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain\|Hospital de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain\|Hospital Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain\|Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain\|Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain\|Hospital Nuestra Señora de Sonsoles, Ávila, Spain Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)\|Primary Purpose: Prevention Enrollment - 1002 Age - 18 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Number of confirmed symptomatic infections of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)\|Severity of disease in confirmed infected participants of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)\|Duration of symptoms in confirmed infected participants of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) measured in days
NCT04712357	Clinical Experimentation With Tenofovir Disoproxyl Fumarate and Emtricitabine for COVID-19	Recruiting	Not Applicable	Nov/09/2020	Jan/01/2023
Alternative id - CAAE: 34182620.0.0000.5045 Interventions - Drug: Vitamin C 500 MG Oral Tablet\|Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG Oral Tablet\|Drug: Tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate 300 MG plus emtricitabine 200 MG Oral Tablet Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Núcleo de Biomedicina - NUBIMED, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 219 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - The time to recovery, defined at day 7 days follow up after enrollment, on which a patient met the criteria for category 1, 2, or 3 on the eight-category ordinal scale.\|SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load measurements change.\|Proportion of patients with qualitative serum IgM / IgG.\|Biomarkers (IL-6, MCP-3, D-dimer, IL1-RA, IL-10, GCSF, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-2R, MIP-1 alpha, IP-10, IL-8, NT-proBNP, Troponin I, CRP and procalcitonin) measurements change.
NCT04359095	Effectiveness and Safety of Medical Treatment for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Colombia	Completed	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Aug/18/2020	Jun/30/2021
Alternative id - 76968 Interventions - Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir\|Drug: Colchicine Pill\|Drug: Rosuvastatin\|Other: Standard treatment Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Clinica santa Maria del lago, Bogota, DC, Colombia\|Clínica Reina Sofía, Bogotá, Colombia\|Fundacion Cardio Infantil, Bogotá, Colombia\|Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia\|Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia\|Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 650 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Mortality\|Number of Participants with Treatment Related Severe Adverse Events as Assessed by the NCORP Guidance for Collection of Adverse Events Related to COVID-19 Infection\|Time to death\|Number of Participants that are transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)\|Number of Participants that need Mechanical Ventilation Support with endotracheal intubation.\|Number of participants Cured assessed by Nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, and blood aspiration for COVID19 (RT-PCR) without clinical symptoms and normal chest X ray\|Number of Participants with Any Adverse Event Related to Treatment Assessed by the NCORP Guidance for Collection of Adverse Events Related to COVID-19 Infection
NCT04685512	Effect of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine in Patients Recently Infected With SARS-COV2 (Covid-19) Discharged Home	Completed	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Nov/18/2020	May/01/2021
Alternative id - 20-070 Interventions - Drug: tenofovir disoproxil and emtricitabine Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Caen University Hospital, Caen, Calvados, France\|Regional Hospital, Orléans, France Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 60 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Phase 2B: Reduction of SARS-CoV2 viral load assessed by Ct PCR at day-4 adjusted on Ct PCR SARS-CoV2 viral load at baseline (ANCOVA)\|Phase 3: Rate of non-contagious nasopharyngeal sample for SARS-CoV2 by PCR on Day-4 with Ct > or = 28\|Phase 2B/3: Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events [Safety and Tolerability]\|Phase 3: Symptoms score\|Phase 3: Proportion of secondary hospitalization\|Phase 3: Rate of non-contagious nasopharyngeal sample for SARS-CoV2 by PCR on Day-7 with Ct > or = 28
NCT04519125	Daily Regimen of Tenofovir/Emtricitabine as Prevention for COVID-19 in Health Care Personnel in Colombia	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Aug/30/2020	Apr/01/2021
Alternative id - 2020 /143\|77389 Interventions - Drug: Tenofovir/ Emtricitabine ( 300 mg / 200 mg daily during 60 days) + Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)\|Other: Placebo (1 tablet daily during 60 days) + Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)\|Primary Purpose: Prevention Enrollment - 950 Age - 18 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - SARS-CoV-2 infection\|Serious and non-serious adverse events\|Discontinuation of using TDF/FTC for any reason\|Adherence to TDF/FTC\|Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection
NCT04405271	TAF/FTC for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 in Healthcare Workers (CoviPrep Study)	Not yet recruiting	Phase 3	Jul/31/2020	Nov/15/2020
Alternative id - 5616 Interventions - Drug: Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide 200 MG-25 MG Oral Tablet\|Drug: Placebo Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Sociedad Argentina de Infectología, A. J. Carranza 974, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Capital Federal, Argentina Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Prevention Enrollment - 1378 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - COVID-19 incident cases\|Number of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) infections confirmed by serology\|Severity of symptomatic COVID-19\|Respiratory symptom duration in days\|Relation between treatments and symptoms duration\|Time course of specific IgM/IgG seroconversion

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