Other substances

Silymarin

A plant extract.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - pre-clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Natural product

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Silymarin is a standardized extract of Silybum marianum plant. It has antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antineoplastic, and antiviral properties (potentially anti-coronaviral) (Sardanelli et al., 2021).

Silymarin-related page on DrugBank

Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Active Site Ligands in the Human Metabolome 3CLpro Small molecule Enzyme assay In vitro Mixed substance In silico	in silico; in vitro enzyme assay	3.27	Displayed inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in vitro.	Mar/05/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Lead Finding from Selected Flavonoids with Antiviral (SARS-CoV-2) Potentials Against COVID-19: An In-silico Evaluation.	Mar/06/2022
Repurposing of anticancer phytochemicals for identifying potential fusion inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.	Mar/22/2021
Plant-derived active compounds as a potential nucleocapsid protein inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2: an in-silico study.	May/09/2022
A computational approach for the screening of potential antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2 protease: Ionic liquid vs herbal and natural compounds.	Jan/07/2021
Identification of potential inhibitors of coronavirus hemagglutinin-esterase using molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculation.	Sep/29/2020
Silymarin/curcumin loaded albumin nanoparticles coated by chitosan as muco-inhalable delivery system observing anti-inflammatory and anti COVID-19 characterizations in oleic acid triggered lung injury and in vitro COVID-19 experiment	Dec/28/2021
Phyto-pharmacological perspective of Silymarin: A potential prophylactic or therapeutic agent for COVID-19, based on its promising immunomodulatory, anti-coagulant and anti-viral property	Apr/04/2021
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ORF3a induces the expression of ACE2 in oral and pulmonary epithelial cells and the food supplement Vita Deyun diminishes this effect.	Mar/16/2021
Flavonoids as potential phytotherapeutics to combat cytokine storm in SARS-CoV-2	Mar/29/2020

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04816682	Silymarin in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to Hospital With Elevated Liver Enzymes	Recruiting	Phase 4	Mar/17/2021	Dec/30/2021
Alternative id - SIL-COVINT-21 Interventions - Drug: Silymarin Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - F.D.Roosevelt Teaching Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia\|University Hospital Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia Study designs - Allocation: Non-Randomized\|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 30 Age - 19 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Improvement in the COVID-19 stage of at least 1 point\|Improvement in the activity of aminotranspherases\|Improvement in the diabetes control\|Improvement in the blood inflammatory markers\|Improvement in the dyspnea\|Improvement in the acute kidney injury
NCT04394208	Silymarin in COVID-19 Pneumonia	Recruiting	Phase 3	Aug/16/2020	Feb/28/2021
Alternative id - CairoU COVID-19 Study Group Interventions - Drug: Silymarin\|Drug: Placebo Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 50 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Time to clinical improvement\|Clinical outcome\|Duration of Mechanical Ventilation\|Hospitalization\|Virologic Response\|Adverse events

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