Other substances

Ribavirin

A ribonucleoside analogue.

Phase of research

Recommended by China's NHC Guidelines

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Ribavirin is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. It inhibits viruses (including hepatitis C virus) through incorporation into viral RNA (NCIt). It was computationally modelled to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase's active site, but only to weakly base-pair with complementary nucleotides (Byléhn et al., 2021).

Ribavirin on DrugBank
Ribavirin on PubChem
Ribavirin on Wikipedia

Marketed as

COPEGUS; IBAVYR; MODERIBA; REBETOL; REBRETRON; RIBAMIDE; RIBASPHERE; VILONA; VIRAMID; VIRAZIDE; VIRAZOLE

C1=NC(=NN1[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)C(=O)N

Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro	VERO E6 cell cultures		High concentrations were required to reduce the viral infection	Feb/04/2020
Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19.	in silico			Feb/28/2020
Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).	in silico		Intravenous infusion, 500 mg each time, 2 to 3 times/day in combination with IFN-α or lopinavir/ritonavir	Feb/22/2020
No Clear Benefit to the Use of Corticosteroid as Treatment in Adult Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 : A Retrospective Cohort Study	Patients		in combination with arbidol	Apr/24/2020
Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir–ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial	Patients		Combination of lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg every 12 h, ribavirin 400 mg every 12 h, and three doses of 8 million international units of interferon beta-1b on alternate days is better than lopinavir-ritonavir in alleviating symptoms and shortening the duration of viral shedding and hospital stay in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19	May/08/2020
A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing Small molecule	in silico	42.78		Apr/30/2020
Modeling the Binding Mechanism of Remdesivir, Favilavir, and Ribavirin to SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase RdRpol Small molecule Mechanism In silico	in silico	12.69	Ribavirin was computationally modelled to bind at the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase active site. In contrast to remdesivir, it was predicted not to base-pair significantly with the complementary RNA strand.	Jan/06/2021
Effect of a combination of Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin and Ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID‐19 Small molecule Non-randomized controlled open trial Phase I clinical trial Mild severity	Mild COVID-19 patients	2.02	In combination with nitazoxanide, ivermectin, and zinc supplementation. Observed improvement in SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal viral clearance at days 7 and 15 compared to control. Sample size: 62 + 51 control. Dosage: 1200 mg.	Feb/16/2021
Ribavirin shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and downregulates the activity of TMPRSS2 and the expression of ACE2 In Vitro Small molecule In vitro In silico	in silico; Vero E6 cells; Caco-2 cells; SARS-CoV-2 isolate Ank1	1.95	The drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells with an IC50 of ca. 0.8 μM. It decreased TMPRSS2 expression (mRNA), protein levels and enzymatic activity in vitro. A decrease of ACE2 levels was observed in Caco-2 cells but not in Vero E6 cells.	Mar/09/2021
In silico evaluation of potential inhibitory activity of remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin and galidesivir active forms on SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase RdRpol Small molecule In silico	in silico	2.01	The triphosphate active metabolite was predicted to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.	Mar/25/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Role of different tautomers in the base-pairing abilities of some of the vital antiviral drugs used against COVID-19.	Sep/12/2020
[Clinical efficacy and safety of different antiviral regimens in patients with coronavirus disease 2019].	Jul/20/2021
Theoretical Study of the Molecular Mechanism of Maxingyigan Decoction Against COVID-19: Network Pharmacology-based Strategy.	Oct/08/2020
Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway.	May/23/2020
Synthetic Attempts Towards Eminent Anti-Viral Candidates of SARS-CoV.	Jan/07/2022
Pharmacotherapy Considerations in CKD Patients With COVID-19, A Narrative Review.	Aug/09/2021
Interactions Between Remdesivir, Ribavirin, Favipiravir, Galidesivir, Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine with Fragment Molecular of the COVID-19 Main Protease with Inhibitor N3 Complex (PDB ID:6LU7) Using Molecular Docking.	Dec/16/2020
Combination antiviral therapy with lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol and interferon-alpha1b for COVID-19.	Apr/03/2022
Drug Repurposing: A Strategy for Discovering Inhibitors against Emerging Viral Infections.	Aug/14/2020
Structural Bioinformatics Used to Predict the Protein Targets of Remdesivir and Flavones in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.	Oct/08/2021
Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection.	Apr/21/2020
Structural insight into the binding interactions of NTPs and nucleotide analogues to RNA dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2.	Jul/19/2021
Computational screening of dual inhibitors from FDA approved antiviral drugs on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the main protease using molecular docking approach.	Mar/30/2021
[The use of viral RNA polymerase inhibitors in combination with a fusion inhibitor in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: hypothesis].	Oct/13/2021
Inhibition effects of eight anti-coronavirus drugs on glycosides metabolism and glycosidases in human gut microflora.	Sep/20/2021
Repurposing Drugs for the Management of Patients with Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).	Aug/07/2020
Here we go again? A new pandemic of the 21st century.	Jul/16/2020
Observational study of the effects of Favipiravir vs Lopinavir/Ritonavir on clinical outcomes in critically Ill patients with COVID-19.	Mar/03/2020
Mucous membrane pemphigoid and COVID-19 treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: a case report.	May/15/2020
Synergistic Interferon-Alpha-Based Combinations for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Viral Infections.	Dec/11/2021
Dual targeting of RdRps of SARS-CoV-2 and the mucormycosis-causing fungus: an in silico perspective	Jun/30/2020
Antiviral Combination Clinically Better Than Standard Therapy in Severe but Not in Non-Severe COVID-19	Sep/29/2021
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses	Feb/04/2022
Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease	Jun/15/2020
Prioritizing antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 by integrating viral complete genome sequences and drug chemical structures.	Mar/18/2021
No Statistically Apparent Difference in Antiviral Effectiveness Observed Among Ribavirin Plus Interferon-Alpha, Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha, and Ribavirin Plus Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coron	Jul/14/2020
Efficacy of ribavirin and interferon-alpha therapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study.	Jan/28/2021
Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations	May/30/2020
Natural phyto, compounds as possible noncovalent inhibitors against SARS-CoV2 protease: computational approach	May/23/2022
Clinical course of severe COVID19 treated with tocilizumab and antivirals post-allogeneic stem cell transplant with extensive chronic GVHD	Feb/18/2021
Overview of Targets and Potential Drugs of SARS-CoV-2 According to the Viral Replication	Dec/21/2020
Four Weeks Treatment with Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir + Ribavirin:A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	Mar/16/2022
Antiviral drugs arbidol and interferon alpha-1b contribute to reducing the severity of COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study	Aug/11/2021
On a knife's edge of a COVID-19 pandemic: is containment still possible?	Mar/09/2020
Molecular docking studies of some selected gallic acid derivatives against five non-structural proteins of novel coronavirus	Dec/01/2021
Arbidol is associated with increased in-hospital mortality among 109 patients with severe COVID-19: A multicenter, retrospective study	May/14/2020
SARS-CoV-2: From the pathogenesis to potential anti-viral treatments	Feb/02/2021
Potential benefits of combination of Nigella sativa and Zn supplements to treat COVID-19.	Jun/24/2020
Denovo designing, retro-combinatorial synthesis, and molecular dynamics analysis identify novel antiviral VTRM1.1 against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SARS CoV2 virus.	Jan/07/2021
In silico studies of selected multi-drug targeting against 3CLpro and nsp12 RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.	Mar/25/2021
Combination of (interferon beta-1b, lopinavir/ritonavir and ribavirin) versus favipiravir in hospitalized patients with non-critical COVID-19: A cohort study.	Jun/10/2021
Remdesivir plus standard of care versus standard of care alone for the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (DisCoVeRy): a phase 3, randomised, controlled, open-label trial	Sep/14/2021
Transcriptome-based drug repositioning for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)	Nov/30/2021
Lethal Mutagenesis of RNA Viruses and Approved Drugs with Antiviral Mutagenic Activity	Aug/20/2021
De novo design, retrosynthetic analysis and combinatorial synthesis of a hybrid antiviral (VTAR-01) to inhibit the interaction of SARS-CoV2 spike glycoprotein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2	Jan/05/2021
SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective	May/06/2020
Effect of a combination of nitazoxanide, ribavirin, and ivermectin plus zinc supplement (MANS.NRIZ study) on the clearance of mild COVID-19	Jun/30/2021
Structural analogues of existing anti-viral drugs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase: A computational hierarchical investigation	Mar/05/2021
Screening of potent drug inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymerase: an in silico approach.	Jan/24/2021
Structural-based virtual screening and in vitro assays for small molecules inhibiting the feline coronavirus 3CL protease as a surrogate platform for coronaviruses.	Sep/07/2020
Effect of combination antiviral therapy on hematological profiles in 151 adults hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019	Jun/18/2020
Evaluation of the efficacy of sofosbuvir plus daclatasvir in combination with ribavirin for hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate disease compared with standard care: a single-centre, randomized controlled trial	Aug/20/2020
In silico molecular docking analysis for repurposing therapeutics against multiple proteins from SARS-CoV-2.	Aug/03/2020
Surface plasmon resonance approach to study drug interactions with SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase highlights treatment potential of suramin	Apr/16/2021
Drug Repurposing Strategy (DRS): Emerging Approach to Identify Potential Therapeutics for Treatment of Novel Coronavirus Infection	Sep/08/2021
A retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy of ribavirin in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19	Oct/09/2020
Antiviral drugs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection triggering the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic	Dec/04/2020
High-Throughput Screening of an FDA-Approved Drug Library Identifies Inhibitors against Arenaviruses and SARS-CoV-2	Sep/30/2021
Ribavirin Aerosol in the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Case Series	Apr/05/2022
Targeting viral genome synthesis as broad-spectrum approach against RNA virus infections	Dec/21/2021
Screening Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Based on Bound Nuclear Norm Regularization	Oct/07/2021
Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study	Mar/25/2020
Discovery of Potential Therapeutic Drugs for COVID-19 Through Logistic Matrix Factorization With Kernel Diffusion	Feb/28/2022
Antiviral Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Bioactivity, Better Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics	Jul/22/2021
A density functional theory study on silver and bis-silver complexes with lighter tetrylene: are silver and bis-silver carbenes candidates for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition? Insight from molecular docking simulation	Nov/01/2021
Ribavirin Treatment for Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study	Dec/10/2021
Computational Simulation of HIV Protease Inhibitors to the Main Protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2: Implications for COVID-19 Drugs Design	Dec/05/2021
Drug repurposing approach to fight COVID-19	Sep/05/2020
Tissue distributions of antiviral drugs affect their capabilities of reducing viral loads in COVID-19 treatment	Oct/06/2020
Overcoming Culture Restriction for SARS-CoV-2 in Human Cells Facilitates the Screening of Compounds Inhibiting Viral Replication	Jan/24/2021
beta-D-N 4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells	Apr/29/2020
Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency	Jan/16/2022
Ligand-based quantitative structural assessments of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors: An analysis in light of structure-based multi-molecular modeling evidences	Aug/11/2020
Potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19: What we know so far	Apr/04/2020
Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases	Nov/05/2021
Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial	May/10/2020
Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro	Apr/03/2020
Structure-based docking, pharmacokinetic evaluation, and molecular dynamics-guided evaluation of traditional formulation against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor bind domain and ACE2 receptor complex	Oct/18/2021
Prophetic Medicine-Nigella Sativa (Black cumin seeds) - Potential herb for COVID-19?	Jul/21/2020
Teicoplanin: an alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19?	Mar/13/2020
SARS-CoV-2 pharmacologic therapies and their safety/effectiveness according to level of evidence.	Sep/01/2020
Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels	Apr/30/2022
Pentoxifylline: A Drug with Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects to Be Considered in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.	Oct/13/2020
Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Studies of Formulation SSV-003, a Potent Anti-Viral Herbal Formulation	Dec/30/2020
Ribavirin therapy for severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.	Jul/23/2020
Evaluation of drug repositioning by molecular docking of pharmaceutical resources available in the Brazilian healthcare system against SARS-CoV-2	Feb/19/2021
Clinical Trials of Repurposed Antivirals for SARS-CoV-2	Aug/20/2020
Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19	Apr/23/2021
Multi-conformation representation of Mpro identifies promising candidates for drug repurposing against COVID-19	Apr/17/2021
Role of ACE2 receptor and the landscape of treatment options from convalescent plasma therapy to the drug repurposing in COVID-19	Feb/26/2021
Repurposing of chloroquine and some clinically approved antiviral drugs as effective therapeutics to prevent cellular entry and replication of coronavirus	Jun/09/2020
Computational screening of antagonists against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking	May/08/2020

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04494399	IFN Beta-1b and Ribavirin for Covid-19	Recruiting	Phase 2	Jul/29/2020	Aug/01/2022
Alternative id - UW 20-513 Interventions - Drug: Interferon beta-1b\|Drug: Ribavirin Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 96 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Clinical symptoms alleviation\|Hospitalisation\|Time to negative viral load\|Inflammatory changes\|Mortality\|Adverse events and serious adverse events
NCT04828564	Efficacy and Safety of Favipiravir and Ribavirin Formulation for Treatment of COVID-19	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Apr/01/2021	Dec/31/2021
Alternative id - MON775.159.4 Interventions - Drug: Ribavirin Capsules\|Drug: Favipiravir Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Ankara University, School of Medicine, Ankara, Cebeci, Turkey\|Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey\|Koc University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey\|Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 100 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Hospitalized patient rates\|Mortality rate\|Time from randomization to relief of symptoms\|Viral clearance\|Changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor levels\|Changes in transmembrane protease serine II (TMPRSS2) activity\|Emergency room visit rates of patients\|Time to emergency room visit\|Time to hospitalization\|Inpatient length of stay\|Time to ICU admission\|Time to intubation\|Family members rates with PCR positive test results\|Changes in vital signs from baseline\|Number/characteristics of AEs and SAEs
NCT04605588	A Triple Combination Antiviral Coronavirus Therapy (TriACT) for COVID-19	Terminated	Phase 2	Dec/02/2020	Feb/04/2021
Alternative id - Pro2020001862 Interventions - Drug: Nitazoxanide\|Drug: Placebo Nitazoxanide\|Drug: Ribavirin\|Drug: Placebo Ribavirin\|Drug: Hydroxychloroquine\|Drug: Placebo Hydroxychloroquine Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 7 Age - 21 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Rate of decline in viral load over the 10 days after randomization
NCT04959786	MANS-NRIZ Trial for COVID-19 Treatment : Extension Study	Recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Apr/01/2021	Dec/01/2022
Alternative id - mu-med-2020-26 Interventions - Drug: Ivermectin,ribavirin ,nitazoxanide and zinc Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Mansoura University Hospital, Mansoura, Select A State Or Province, Egypt Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Single (Participant)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 100 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Stabilization of oxygen\|In-hospital and 28-day mortality\|Negative conversion of SARS-CoV- 2 by Day 28\|Time to clinical improvement
NCT04276688	Lopinavir/ Ritonavir, Ribavirin and IFN-beta Combination for nCoV Treatment	Completed	Phase 2	Feb/10/2020	Mar/31/2020
Alternative id - UW-20-074 Interventions - Drug: Lopinavir/ritonavir\|Drug: Ribavirin\|Drug: Interferon Beta-1B Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 127 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Time to negative NPS\|Time to negative saliva\|Time to clinical improvement\|Hospitalisation\|Mortality\|Immune reaction\|Adverse events\|Time to negative all clinical specimens
NCT04563208	Study of Oral Administration of Ribavirin and Nitazoxamide Versus Placebo in COVID-19	Recruiting	Phase 2	Dec/09/2020	Feb/28/2022
Alternative id - DUACT-101 Interventions - Drug: Placebo\|Drug: DuACT Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Sunnyside Office Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 80 Age - 18 Years to 75 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Rate of decline in viral load\|Time to resolution of viral load\|Comparison of proportion of subjects who are asymptomatic and symptomatic\|Change in modified NEWS-2\|Proportion of subjects with treatment emergent adverse events
NCT04664010	Efficacy and Safety of High-dose Vitamin C Combined With Chinese Medicine Against Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)	Active, not recruiting	Not Applicable	Feb/06/2020	Jan/31/2021
Alternative id - XianInternationalMCH_HXJ Interventions - Drug: Alpha-interferon alpha, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste, fumigation/inhalation of vitamin C\|Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and 5% glucose\|Drug: Alpha-interferon, abidol, ribavirin, Buzhong Yiqi plus and minus formula, Huhuang Detoxicity Paste, Baimu Qingre Jiedu Paste and high-dose vitamin C treatment Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Single (Participant)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 60 Age - 18 Years to 70 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Recovery time\|Time of disappearance of fever symptoms\|The rate of conversion from COVID-19 positive to COVID-19 negative\|Time of disappearance of cough\|Respiratory rate\|Blood oxygen saturation\|PaO2\|PaCO2\|The time of obvious improvement as shown on chest CT scans relative to admission\|The rate of obvious improvement as shown on chest CT scans relative to admission\|Levels of C-reactive protein\|Erythrocyte sedimentation rate\|Levels of Procalcitonin\|Levels of interleukin-6\|Levels of interleukin-10\|Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha
NCT04551768	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of VIRAZOLE® in Hospitalized Adult Participants With Respiratory Distress Due to COVID-19	Completed	Phase 1	Feb/10/2021	Aug/17/2021
Alternative id - BHC-RIB-5401-GL Interventions - Drug: 50 mg/mL Virazole\|Drug: 100 mg/mL Virazole Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Bausch Health Site 201, Athens, Attika, Greece\|Bausch Health Site 203, Athens, Attika, Greece\|Bausch Health Site 204, Alexandroupoli, Evros, Greece\|Bausch Site 304, Tijuana, Zona Rio, Mexico Study designs - Allocation: Non-Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 51 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Change in the clinical status severity (CSS) rating from the first dose date up to the completion of treatment\|Time to recover gas exchange to a PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 for at least 24 hours.\|Time to reach peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (Sp02) >94% for at least 24 hours.
NCT04392427	New Antiviral Drugs for Treatment of COVID-19	Not yet recruiting	Phase 3	Oct/01/2020	May/01/2022
Alternative id - 20.05.69 Interventions - Drug: Treatment group: will receive a combination of Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin and Ivermectin for a duration of seven days : Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Mansoura University, Mansoura, Select A State Or Province, Egypt Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment\|Masking: Single (Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 100 Age - 12 Years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - negative test result for COVID-19
NCT04356677	Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of VIRAZOLE® in Hospitalized Adult Participants With Respiratory Distress Due to COVID-19	Withdrawn	Phase 1	May/01/2021	Aug/01/2021
Alternative id - BHC-RIB-5401-HC Interventions - Drug: 50 mg/mL Virazole\|Drug: 100 mg/mL Virazole Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Study designs - Allocation: Non-Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 0 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Change in the clinical status severity (CSS) rating from the first dose date up to the completion of treatment\|Time to recover gas exchange to a PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 for at least 24 hours.\|Time to reach peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (Sp02) >94% for at least 24 hours.

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