Pyronaridine

An aminoquinoline.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - pre-clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Experimental

3
Supporting references
0
Contradictory references
7
AI-suggested references
4
Clinical trials

General information

Pyronaridine is a potential anti-malarial drug (DrugBank).

Pyronaridine on PubChem
Pyronaridine on Wikipedia

 

Structure image - Pyronaridine

COC1=NC2=C(C3=C(C=C(C=C3)Cl)N=C2C=C1)NC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)CN5CCCC5)O)CN6CCCC6


Supporting references

Link Tested on Impact factor Notes Publication date
Anti-HCV and anti-malaria agent, potential candidates to repurpose for coronavirus infection: Virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study
3CLpro Small molecule In silico
in silico 3.65

Predicted to dock in the binding pocket of the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.

Aug/08/2020
Antimalarial drugs inhibit the replication of SARS-CoV-2: An in vitro evaluation
Small molecule In vitro
Vero E6 cells; SARS-CoV-2 IHUMI-3 strain 4.59

The antimalarial drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 in vitro at IC50 and IC90 similar to the concentrations reached during oral antimalarial treatment.

Sep/08/2020
Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine, and Pyronaridine: In Vitro Activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms
Spike protein Small molecule In vitro
Vero E6 cells; Vero 76 cells; Caco-2 cells; Calu-3 cells; A549-ACE2 cells; Huh-7 cells; human primary monocytes; SARS-CoV-2 strain USA_WA1/2020; (VSV) SARS-CoV-2 Spike-psudotyped virus 2.87

(Tetraphosphate salt.) SARS-CoV-2 live virus inhibition by the compound in vitro was cell line-dependent. The drug displayed the best efficacy in A549-ACE2 cells (IC50 of 198 nM). It bound Spike RBD, but it did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Spike-pseudotyped virus.

Mar/10/2021

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

ID Title Status Phase Start date Completion date
NCT04475107 The Efficacy and Safety of Pyramax in Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Patients Completed Phase 2 Jul/09/2020 Apr/15/2021
  • Alternative id - SP-PA-COV-201
  • Interventions - Drug: Pyronaridine-Artesunate|Drug: Placebo
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea, Republic of|Chungnam national University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of|Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea, Republic of|Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Kyungpook National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|The Catholic University of Korea, Eunpyeong St. Marys' Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of|Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Korea, Republic of
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 113
  • Age - 19 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Proportion (%) of patients with virological clearance of SARS-CoV-2 at day 7 post-dose*|Viral load reduction of SARS-CoV-2 at Day 3, 7, 10, and 14 post-dose compared to the baseline|Proportion (%) of patients with virological clearance of SARS-CoV-2 at Day 3, 10, and 14 post-dose*|Change in WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement at Day 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 post-dose from the baseline|Change in NEWS score at Day 3, 7, 10, 14, and 28 post-dose from the baseline|Time to achieve normalization of body temperature, post-dose|Time to achieve normalization of respiratory rate, post-dose|Time to achieve normalization of oxygen saturation, post-dose
NCT04532931 COVID-19 Treatment in South Africa Completed Phase 2 Sep/03/2020 Aug/23/2021
  • Alternative id - SP-PA-COV-202
  • Interventions - Other: Standard of care (Paracetamol)|Drug: Artesunate-amodiaquine|Drug: Pyronaridine-artesunate|Drug: Favipiravir plus Nitazoxanide|Drug: Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Ezintsha, Wits Reproductive Health & HIV Institute University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 192
  • Age - 18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 clearance|Time to clearance of nasal SARS-CoV-2|Median quantity of SARS-CoV-2|Proportion of days with fever after randomization|Proportion of days with respiratory symptoms after randomization|FLU-PRO© Plus|Serious adverse events|Adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation|Adverse events considered related to the investigational products|LRTI|Maximum score on WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement during study participation|Cumulative incidence of hospitalization|Days of hospitalization|Cumulative incidence of mortality
NCT04701606 The Safety and Efficacy of Pyronaridine-artesunate (Pyramax® or Artecom®)in COVID-19 Patients Recruiting Phase 2|Phase 3 Mar/29/2021 Apr/15/2022
  • Alternative id - SP-PA-COV-203
  • Interventions - Drug: Artecom® (pyronaridine-artesunate)|Drug: Placebo
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - De La Salle University Medical Center, Dasmariñas, Gov, D. Mangubat St, 4114 Cavite, Philippines|The Medical City, Pasig City, Ortigas Avenue, Barangay Ugong, Metro Manila, Philippines|Lung Center of the Philippines, Quezon City, Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines, Philippines|Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Taft Ave, Ermita, Manila, 1000 Metro, Philippines
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 402
  • Age - 19 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Proportion of participants with clinical improvement as defined by an improvement of categories on the WHO Ordinal Scale of clinical status until Days 28.|Time to clinical improvement was defined as time from randomization to an improvement of categories on the WHO Ordinal Scale of clinical status.|Changes in the WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement until Days 28 compared to Baseline.|Changes in National Early Warning Score (NEWS) until Days 28 compared to Baseline.|Proportion of participants with negative for COVID-19 as determined by real-time RT-PCR test until Days 14.|Changes in viral load until Days 14 compared to Baseline.|The time to body temperature normalization after the administration of investigational Product (IP).|The time to respiratory rate normalization after the administration of IP.|The time to oxygen saturation (SpO2) normalization after the administration of IP.|Mortality rate at Day 28.|Duration of hospitalization (Day 1 to Day 28).|The incidence of adverse events (AEs).|The incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs).
NCT04695197 Malaria as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 in Western Kenya and Burkina Faso Recruiting Phase 3 Jan/08/2021 Jul/31/2023
  • Alternative id - 20-063|202009642148520
  • Interventions - Drug: Artemether-lumefantrine (AL)|Drug: Pyronaridine-artesunate (PA)
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Ouagadougou Hospitals, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso|Kisumu County Referral Hospital, Kisumu, Kenya
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 142
  • Age - 6 Months to 100 Years   (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 clearance|Median viral load of SARS-CoV-2|Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 clearance|Time to clearance of nasal SARS-CoV-2|Cumulative seroconversion rates (IgG, IgM, IgA)|IgG, IgM, IgA antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2|IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, TNF-alpha and Interferon-Gamma|CRP and angiotensin-2, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2|Genomic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection|Cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection|The clinical and parasitological antimalarial treatment response|COVID-19 disease severity|COVID-19 disease duration|COVID-19 fever duration|COVID-19 respiratory symptoms duration|COVID-19 disease duration in days|Treatment-related adverse events, serious adverse events, and adverse events resulting in treatment discontinuation