Melatonin

A pineal gland hormone.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - theoretical effect

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Natural product

4
Supporting references
0
Contradictory references
35
AI-suggested references
9
Clinical trials

General information

Melatonin is an indole pineal gland hormone that is likely to be involved in the regulation of sleep-wake cycles. Its biological activity is dependent on beta-adrenergic receptors. Melatonin is an antioxidant, as well (NCIt).

Melatonin on DrugBank
Melatonin on PubChem
Melatonin on Wikipedia

 

Structure image - Melatonin

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Supporting references

Link Tested on Impact factor Notes Publication date
Network-based drug repurposing for novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2
in silico

in combination with mercaptopurine

Mar/16/2020
COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment.
Theory only Mar/23/2020
Structural and physico-chemical evaluation of melatonin and its solution-state excited properties, with emphasis on its binding with novel coronavirus proteins
3CLpro Small molecule In silico
in silico 5.07

Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.

Aug/23/2020
A network medicine approach to investigation and population-based validation of disease manifestations and drug repurposing for COVID-19
Small molecule In silico
in silico multi-omics data analysis 7.08

Observed to be significantly associated with a reduced probability of SARS-CoV-2 positive test result, especially in African Americans.

Nov/06/2020

AI-suggested references

Link Publication date
Melatonin restores neutrophil functions and prevents apoptosis amid dysfunctional glutathione redox system.
Aug/18/2020
Efficacy of Prolonged-Release Melatonin 2 mg (PRM 2 mg) Prescribed for Insomnia in Hospitalized Patients for COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study.
Nov/05/2020
NLRP3 inflammasome activation and oxidative stress status in the mild and moderate SARS-CoV-2 infected patients: impact of melatonin as a medicinal supplement.
Aug/06/2021
Melatonin and other indoles show antiviral activities against swine coronaviruses in vitro at pharmacological concentrations.
Jun/24/2021
Pediatric COVID-19 Delirium: Case Report of 2 Adolescents.
Mar/10/2022
Melatonin mitigates Chloroquine-induced defects in porcine immature Sertoli cells.
Mar/01/2022
Clinical trial to test the efficacy of melatonin in COVID-19
Nov/18/2021
Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and anti-viral activities: A novel therapeutic target for COVID-19
Jul/01/2020
Melatonin as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment for COVID-19 beyond Sleep Disorders.
Aug/11/2021
Melatonin effects on sleep quality and outcomes of COVID-19 patients: An open-label, randomized, controlled trial Melatonin effects on sleep quality and outcomes of COVID-19 patients: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial
Feb/07/2022
Melatonin in the Prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Healthcare Workers (MeCOVID): A Randomised Clinical Trial
Feb/21/2022
Melatonin: highlighting its use as a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection
Feb/20/2022
Dexamethasone and Nutraceutical Therapy Can Reduce the Myalgia Due to COVID-19 - a Systemic Review of the Active Substances that Can Reduce the Expression of Interlukin-6.
Apr/16/2022
The History of Methylprednisolone, Ascorbic Acid, Thiamine, and Heparin Protocol and I-MASK+ Ivermectin Protocol for COVID-19.
Apr/06/2021
Drug Repurposing Approach, Potential Drugs, and Novel Drug Targets for COVID-19 Treatment
Jun/13/2020
COVID-19: Rational discovery of the therapeutic potential of Melatonin as a SARS-CoV-2 main Protease Inhibitor
Jul/17/2020
PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19
Aug/11/2021
Role of melatonin in the treatment of COVID-19; as an adjuvant through cluster differentiation 147 (CD147).
Sep/12/2020
Clinical Trials for Use of Melatonin to Fight against COVID-19 Are Urgently Needed
May/28/2020
Melatonin does not reduce mortality in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective observational study
Oct/02/2022
Melatonin is a potential adjuvant to improve clinical outcomes in individuals with obesity and diabetes with coexistence of Covid-19
Jun/30/2020
Possible Prophylactic Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Combination of Melatonin, Vitamin C and Zinc in Animals.
Dec/03/2020
Pathomechanisms, therapeutic targets and potent inhibitors of some beta-coronaviruses from bench-to-bedside.
May/28/2021
Evaluation of Th1 and Th2 mediated cellular and humoral immunity in patients with COVID-19 following the use of melatonin as an adjunctive treatment
Oct/22/2021
High dose melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in intubated patients with COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial.
May/13/2022
COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment
Mar/22/2022
The Effect of Melatonin on Thrombosis, Sepsis and Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients
Jun/28/2021
Efficacy of a Low Dose of Melatonin as an Adjunctive Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: A Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial.
Jun/23/2021
Melatonin as adjunctive therapy in patients admitted to the Covid-19
May/30/2020
Mechanisms and clinical evidence to support melatonin's use in severe COVID-19 patients to lower mortality
Jul/01/2020
Antioxidants and pentoxifylline as coadjuvant measures to standard therapy to improve prognosis of patients with pneumonia by COVID-19
Jun/24/2021
Melatonin and REGN-CoV2 combination as a vaccine adjuvant for Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2
Sep/07/2021
Therapeutic potential of melatonin and melatonergic drugs on K18-hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2
Oct/15/2021
Assessing the therapeutic potential of agomelatine, ramelteon, and melatonin against SARS-CoV-2
Jun/14/2021
In-silico drug repurposing study predicts the combination of pirfenidone and melatonin as a promising candidate therapy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection progression and respiratory distress caused by cytokine storm
Nov/30/2021

Clinical trials

ID Title Status Phase Start date Completion date
NCT04568863 Efficacy of Intravenous Melatonin on Mortality in Adult Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit With COVID-19 Completed Phase 2 Jun/20/2020 Nov/30/2020
  • Alternative id - PHM-2020-001
  • Interventions - Drug: Melatonin intravenous|Drug: Placebo intravenous
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 18
  • Age - 18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Mortality
NCT04530539 The Effect of Melatonin and Vitamin C on COVID-19 Active, not recruiting Not Applicable Oct/05/2020 Jun/30/2022
  • Alternative id - 2020-68
  • Interventions - Dietary Supplement: Vitamin C|Dietary Supplement: melatonin|Dietary Supplement: Placebo|Other: Symptom Survey
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Lancaster General Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)|Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
  • Enrollment - 122
  • Age - 50 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Symptom Severity|Symptom progression
NCT04353128 Efficacy of Melatonin in the Prophylaxis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Among Healthcare Workers. Completed Phase 2|Phase 3 Apr/20/2020 Dec/01/2020
  • Alternative id - MeCOVID
  • Interventions - Drug: Melatonin 2mg|Drug: Placebo oral tablet
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Enrollment - 450
  • Age - 18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - SARS-CoV 2 infection rate
NCT04409522 Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of Melatonin by Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome in COVID19 Patients Recruiting Not Applicable May/12/2020 Sep/25/2020
  • Alternative id - IR.BMSU.REC.1399.039
  • Interventions - Drug: Melatonin|Drug: The usual treatment
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Mohammad Sadegh Bagheri Baghdasht, Tehran, Iran, Islamic Republic of
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Double (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 55
  • Age - 16 Years to 100 Years   (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Melatonin|Inflammatory cytokines|C-reactive protein (CRP)|Cough|Oxygen saturation of the blood|ESR|Radiological Treatment Response|Inflammatory route
NCT04474483 Safety and Efficacy of Melatonin in Outpatients Infected With COVID-19 Recruiting Phase 2 Nov/06/2020 Dec/31/2022
  • Alternative id - UBMELCOVID19
  • Interventions - Drug: Melatonin|Other: Placebo (Methylcellulose) capsule
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 30
  • Age - 18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Cumulative Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events|Hospitalization|COVID-19 related symptoms|Rate of resolution of COVID-19 related symptoms|Mortality
NCT04784754 Dose-Ranging Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Melatonin in Outpatients Infected With COVID-19 Recruiting Phase 2 Apr/01/2021 Dec/31/2022
  • Alternative id - UBMELCOVID19-P|UL1TR001412
  • Interventions - Drug: Melatonin|Drug: Placebo
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 50
  • Age - 18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Cumulative Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events|Incidence of COVID-19 related hospitalization|COVID-19 related symptoms|Rate of resolution of COVID-19 related symptoms|Mortality
NCT04570254 Antioxidants as Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Therapy in Patients With COVID-19 Completed Not Applicable Aug/19/2020 Dec/01/2020
  • Alternative id - 09-CEI-011-20160627
  • Interventions - Drug: Vitamin C|Drug: Vitamin E|Drug: Melatonin|Drug: N-acetyl cysteine|Drug: Pentoxifylline
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Unidad Temporal COVID-19 en Centro Citibanamex, Mexico City, Mexico
  • Study designs - Allocation: Non-Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 110
  • Age - Child, Adult, Older Adult
  • Outcome measures - Death from any cause|Percentage of patients who required orotracheal intubation|Assisted mechanical ventilation|Stay in an intensive care unit|Measure lipoperoxidation in basal and post-therapy samples|Evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity|Oxidative and antioxidant stress|Effect of antioxidant therapy at the level on organ failure secondary to SARS-COV2
NCT04531748 Selective Estrogen Modulation and Melatonin in Early COVID-19 Withdrawn Phase 2 Dec/01/2021 Sep/01/2022
  • Alternative id - 20-842
  • Interventions - Drug: Toremifene|Drug: Melatonin|Other: Placebo
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 0
  • Age - 18 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Peak increase in COVID-19 Sign and Symptom score|Nadir Oxygen Saturation|Peak Heart Rate|Time to COVID-19 Sign and Symptom score resolution|Time to WHO 7-point ordinal scale score of 3 or higher
NCT04470297 Melatonin Agonist on Hospitalized Patients With Confirmed or Suspected COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Sep/01/2020 Mar/01/2021
  • Alternative id - MELCOV2020
  • Interventions - Drug: Ramelteon 8mg
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 100
  • Age - 18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Time to resolution of symptoms [National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) of 0]|Clinical worsening to critical COVID-19 illness|Duration of supplemental oxygen therapy|Duration of mechanical ventilation (if applicable)|Duration of hospitalisation|Proportion of participants with virologic clearance in nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR|C-reactive protein (CRP) level's reduction|Incidence of New Onset Lymphopenia|Direct bilirubin level's reduction|Side Effects