Lactoferrin

A milk protein.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - pre-clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Natural product

3
Supporting references
0
Contradictory references
23
AI-suggested references
8
Clinical trials

General information

Lactoferrin is a milk protein with immunomodulatory properties. It is used as a dietary supplement (Tomita et al., 2009).

Lactoferrin on DrugBank
Lactoferrin (bovine) on PubChem
Lactoferrin (human) on Wikipedia


Synonyms

Lactoferrin (bovine)

 

Structure image - Lactoferrin

CSSYQJWUGATIHM-IKGCZBKSSA-N (InChl Key)


Supporting references

Link Tested on Impact factor Notes Publication date
In Vitro Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Bovine Lactoferrin
Preprint
adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells

bovine form of lactoferrin

May/13/2020
Morphological Cell Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Identifies Drug Repurposing Candidates for COVID-19
Preprint
Huh7 cells May/27/2020
Protective Effects of Lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 Infection In Vitro
Protein factor In vitro
Caco-2 cells 4.55

Induced antiviral immune response in Caco-2 cells and moderately protected the cells against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Jan/23/2021

AI-suggested references

Link Publication date
Interaction of Pelargonium sidoides Compounds with Lactoferrin and SARS-CoV-2: Insights from Molecular Simulations
Aug/24/2021
The Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides as an Antiviral Therapy against COVID-19.
Jun/16/2020
Therapeutic Potential Of Induced Iron Depletion Using Iron Chelators In Covid-19
Apr/13/2021
Lactoferrin as Immune-Enhancement Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.
Apr/25/2022
Hypoxia reduces cell attachment of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by modulating the expression of ACE2, neuropilin-1, syndecan-1 and cellular heparan sulfate
May/21/2021
Disulfiram-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles for treating inflammatory diseases
Nov/04/2021
Lactoferrin as Antiviral Treatment in COVID-19 Management: Preliminary Evidence
Oct/19/2021
Food proteins are a potential resource for mining cathepsin L inhibitory drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2.
Aug/22/2020
The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor
Oct/02/2021
Identified human breast milk compositions effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and variants infection and replication
Aug/26/2021
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG enhances the lactoferrin anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in Caco-2 cells
Apr/22/2020
Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19.
Jul/30/2020
Peptides-based therapeutics: Emerging potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19
Oct/08/2021
The Prospect of Lactoferrin Use as Adjunctive Agent in Management of SARS-CoV-2 Patients: A Randomized Pilot Study
Aug/19/2021
Lactoferrin as Protective Natural Barrier of Respiratory and Intestinal Mucosa against Coronavirus Infection and Inflammation
Dec/29/2021
Lactoferrin Against SARS-CoV-2: In Vitro and In Silico Evidences.
Jun/17/2021
Protective Action of L. salivarius SGL03 and Lactoferrin against COVID-19 Infections in Human Nasopharynx.
Jun/04/2021
Lactoferrin for the treatment of COVID-19 (Review)
Oct/27/2020
Identification of lactoferrin-derived peptides as potential inhibitors against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2
Oct/23/2021
Evaluating the in vitro efficacy of bovine lactoferrin products against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Feb/25/2022
Antimicrobial peptides and other peptide-like therapeutics as promising candidates to combat SARS-CoV-2
Apr/12/2021
The role of iron in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible treatment with lactoferrin and other iron chelators
Jan/13/2021
Ambulatory COVID-19 Patients Treated with Lactoferrin as a Supplementary Antiviral Agent: A Preliminary Study
Sep/21/2021

Clinical trials

ID Title Status Phase Start date Completion date
NCT04421534 Utility of Lactoferrin as an Adjunct Therapeutic Agent for COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2|Phase 3 Jun/01/2020 Nov/01/2020
  • Alternative id - CUKA-001
  • Interventions - Drug: Lactoferrin
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 150
  • Age - 18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Time to clinical improvement|Rate of virological cure
NCT04427865 Utility of Lactoferrin as a Preventive Agent for Healthcare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Not yet recruiting Phase 2|Phase 3 Jul/01/2020 Nov/01/2020
  • Alternative id - CUKA-002
  • Interventions - Drug: prophylactic lactoferrin daily
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations -
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Enrollment - 200
  • Age - 18 Years to 65 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Incidence of SARS-CoV-2|Severity of disease in confirmed infected participants
NCT04412395 Clinical Assessment of Oral Lactoferrin as a Safe Antiviral and Immunoregulatory in Treating COVID-19 Disease Not yet recruiting Phase 2 Feb/01/2022 Dec/30/2022
  • Alternative id - COVID-19_LF
  • Interventions - Dietary Supplement: Lactoferrin (Apolactoferrin)|Drug: Placebo of excipient(s) will be administered
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - National Research Center, Egypt (Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology), Cairo, Giza, Egypt|Clinmax CRO (Clinical Research Organization), Cairo, Egypt|Clinical Trial Unit National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt|Egyptian Military Medical Services (Hospitals), Cairo, Egypt
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 516
  • Age - 18 Years to 80 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Survival rate.|Rate of disease remission.|The number of patients with PCR negative results.|Mean change in the disease severity (clinical assessment).|Mean change in blood pressure.|Mean change in heart beats.|Mean change in body temperature.|Mean change in body respiratory rate.|Mean change in oxygen saturation.|Mean change in the ratio in arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PF ratio).|Mean change in complete blood picture (CBC).|Mean change in C reactive protein (CRP).|Mean change in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).|Mean change in D-dimer.|Mean change in ferritin.|Mean change in liver Albumin.|Mean change in total and direct Bilirubin.|Mean change in prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT ).|Mean change in aspartate aminotransferase (AST).|Mean change in Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT).|Mean change in Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN).|Mean change in Serum Creatinine.|Mean change in Serum Creatinine clearance.|Mean change in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR ).|The mean change in serum interleukin-1 (IL-1).|The mean change in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6).|The mean change in serum interleukin-10 (IL-10).|The mean change in serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha).|Mean changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG).|Mean changes in immunoglobulin M (IgM).|The mean change in PCR viral load.|Mean change in lung CT manifestation.|Nature and severity of Adverse Events.|Time for lung recovery.|The number of missed drug doses among each treatment group.
NCT04860219 Lactoferrin Use in (SARS-CoV-2) Management Recruiting Not Applicable Jul/08/2020 Apr/30/2021
  • Alternative id - COVID-1937
  • Interventions - Dietary Supplement: Lactoferrin
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Faculty of Medicine -Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 54
  • Age - 20 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - time to be symptoms free and normal laboratory results
NCT04475120 Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Lactoferrin in COVID-19 Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Disease and in COVID-19 Asymptomatic Patients Completed Phase 2|Phase 3 Apr/15/2020 Jul/02/2020
  • Alternative id - 4220
  • Interventions - Drug: liposomal lactoferrin|Drug: SOC therapy
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: None (Open Label)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 92
  • Age - 20 Years and older   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Rate of viral clearance Time to viral clearance|Time to clinical improvement
NCT04621149 An Outpatient Study Investigating Non-prescription Treatments for COVID-19 Recruiting Phase 2 Nov/15/2020 Mar/31/2021
  • Alternative id - Profact-01
  • Interventions - Other: chlorine dioxide|Dietary Supplement: zinc acetate|Drug: Famotidine|Other: placebo|Dietary Supplement: lactoferrin, green tea extract
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - AZ Good Health Center, Tempe, Arizona, United States
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Factorial Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 120
  • Age - 20 Years to 70 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Reduction in Participant Symptoms of COVID-19|Incidence of Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events|Rate of Hospitalization|Change in Oxygen Saturation|Change in Body Temperature
NCT04847791 Lactoferrin in Covid-19 Hospitalized Patients Recruiting Not Applicable Jan/14/2021 Dec/31/2022
  • Alternative id - 2020/279
  • Interventions - Dietary Supplement: Bovine lactoferrin|Dietary Supplement: Placebo administration
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - ASL BI Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano, Biella, Italy|AOU Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)|Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Enrollment - 194
  • Age - 18 Years to 99 Years   (Adult, Older Adult)
  • Outcome measures - intensive care unit hospitalization rate|death|proportion of discharged patients|National Early Warning Score (NEWS)|daily clinical severity score|oxygen|ferritin|IL 6|D dimers|hepcidine|ventilation|adverse events|pO2/FiO2
NCT04526821 Lactoferrin for Prevention of COVID-19 in Health Care Workers Terminated Phase 2 Oct/17/2020 Feb/10/2021
  • Alternative id - SIDISI 202110
  • Interventions - Drug: Bovine Lactoferrin|Dietary Supplement: Maltodextrin
  • Study type - Interventional
  • Study results - No Results Available
  • Locations - Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Lim, Peru|Hospital Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
  • Study designs - Allocation: Randomized|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment|Masking: Triple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator)|Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Enrollment - 209
  • Age - 18 Years to 59 Years   (Adult)
  • Outcome measures - Number of COVID-19 infections during the 12 weeks of intervention|Severity of the COVID-19 infection|Duration of symptoms of the COVID-19 infection|Frecuency of symptoms of the COVID-19 infection