Other substances

Glycyrrhizic acid

A triterpene glycoside.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - pre-clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Natural product

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Glycyrrhizic acid is a natural triterpene isolated from liquorice. It has anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties (Gowda et al., 2021).

Glycyrrhizic acid on DrugBank
Glycyrrhizic acid on PubChem
Glycyrrhizic acid on Wikipedia

Synonyms

Glycyrrhizin

C[C@]12CC[C@](C[C@H]1C3=CC(=O)[C@@H]4[C@]5(CC[C@@H](C([C@@H]5CC[C@]4([C@@]3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O[C@@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)C(=O)O)O)O)O[C@H]7[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O7)C(=O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C(=O)O

Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
In silico screening of known small molecules to bind ACE2 specific RBD on Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 for repurposing against COVID-19 Spike protein Small molecule In silico	in silico	2.64	Predicted to block SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interaction with the host cell.	Jul/01/2020
Molecular Docking and ADMET Study of Bioactive Compounds of Glycyrrhiza glabra Against Main Protease of SARS-CoV2 3CLpro Small molecule In silico	in silico	0.97	Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease.	Oct/14/2020
Druggability for COVID-19: in silico discovery of potential drug compounds against nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid protein Small molecule In silico	in silico		Predicted to bind the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein.	Dec/09/2020
Glycyrrhizin prevents SARS-CoV-2 S1 and Orf3a induced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release and inhibits viral replication Spike protein ORF3a Small molecule In vitro	BEAS-2B cells; Vero E6 cells; U937 cells; SARS-CoV-2 live virus	2.95	The drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It rescued cell death in BEAS-2B cells transfected with Spike protein RBD or ORF3a and reduced macrophage activation in vitro.	Mar/12/2021
Glycyrrhizin Effectively Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Inhibiting the Viral Main Protease 3CLpro Small molecule Enzyme assay In vitro	in vitro enzyme assay; Vero E6 cells	5.05	The compound inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease in an in vitro enzyme assay and a live virus isolate in Vero E6 cells.	Apr/02/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Glycyrrhizin as a Potential Treatment for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19).	Dec/02/2021
Glycyrrhizin: An old weapon against a novel coronavirus.	Feb/05/2022
Potential Leads from Liquorice Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease using Molecular Docking Simulation Studies.	Aug/19/2020
Mechanistic Aspects of Medicinal Plants and Secondary Metabolites against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).	Jul/07/2021
Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA studies of the activity of glycyrrhizin relevant substructures on SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase.	Jan/17/2022
Nature-derived hit, lead, and drug-like small molecules: Current status and future aspects against key target proteins of Coronaviruses.	Jul/08/2021
Inhibition effects of eight anti-coronavirus drugs on glycosides metabolism and glycosidases in human gut microflora.	Sep/20/2021
Computational and In Vitro Experimental Investigations Reveal Anti-Viral Activity of Licorice and Glycyrrhizin against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.	Nov/24/2021
Effect of Jinzhen granule on two coronaviruses: The novel SARS-CoV-2 and the HCoV-229E and the evidences for their mechanisms of action.	Sep/06/2021
In a search for potential drug candidates for combating COVID-19: computational study revealed salvianolic acid B as a potential therapeutic targeting 3CLpro and spike proteins.	Apr/04/2020
Molecular docking, binding mode analysis, molecular dynamics, and prediction of ADMET/toxicity properties of selective potential antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 main protease: an effort toward drug repurposing to combat COVID-19.	Feb/13/2021
Pharmacological development of the potential adjuvant therapeutic agents against coronavirus disease 2019	Jun/23/2020
Molecular screening of glycyrrhizin-based inhibitors against ACE2 host receptor of SARS-CoV-2	Dec/07/2020
Xuanfei Baidu Decoction reduces acute lung injury by regulating infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages via PD-1/IL17A pathway	Jul/03/2020
Combination of natural antivirals and potent immune invigorators: A natural remedy to combat COVID-19	Aug/15/2021
Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, and Molecular Mechanisms of Licorice in Potential Therapy of COVID-19	Jan/01/2021
Systems pharmacological study illustrates the immune regulation, anti-infection, anti-inflammation, and multi-organ protection mechanism of Qing-Fei-Pai-Du decoction in the treatment of COVID-19.	Sep/09/2020
Drug repositioning against COVID-19: a first line treatment	May/21/2020
Advancing combination treatment with glycyrrhizin and boswellic acids for hospitalized patients with moderate COVID-19 infection: a randomized clinical trial	Oct/08/2020
Research Progress on the Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin and its Derivatives in Liquorice	Jul/06/2021
Rapid prediction of possible inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease using docking and FPL simulations	Aug/28/2020
Synthesis and In Vitro Study of Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin Nicotinate Derivatives against HIV-1 Pseudoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses	Jan/04/2022
HMGB1 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for severe COVID-19.	Dec/07/2020
Recognition of Natural Products as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease (Mpro): In-Silico Evidences	Jul/01/2020
In silico ADMET and molecular docking study on searching potential inhibitors from limonoids and triterpenoids for COVID-19.	Jul/28/2020
Molecular and structural insights of beta-boswellic acid and glycyrrhizic acid as potent SARS-CoV-2 Envelope protein inhibitors.	Feb/12/2022
Pharmacokinetics-based identification of pseudoaldosterogenic compounds originating from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots (Gancao) after dosing LianhuaQingwen capsule	Apr/30/2021
A review of natural products, their effects on SARS-CoV-2 and their utility as lead compounds in the discovery of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19	Nov/28/2020
Computational and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Bioflavonoids as Possible Natural Antiviral Compounds in Covid-19	Dec/23/2020
Glycyrrhizic Acid for COVID-19: Findings of Targeting Pivotal Inflammatory Pathways Triggered by SARS-CoV-2	Sep/16/2021
Glycyrrhizic acid exerts inhibitory activity against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.	Oct/02/2020
Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticles as Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Agents for COVID-19 Treatment	Apr/30/2021
Identification of bioactive compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra as possible inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and non-structural protein-15: a pharmacoinformatics study	Aug/30/2021
Glycyrrhizic Acid: A Natural Plant Ingredient as a Drug Candidate to Treat COVID-19	Jul/09/2021
Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome?	Mar/02/2021
Food Enrichment with Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract Suppresses ACE2 mRNA and Protein Expression in Rats-Possible Implications for COVID-19.	Jul/06/2021
Drug repurposing using computational methods to identify therapeutic options for COVID-19	May/30/2020
Virtual screening of plant-derived compounds against SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins using computational tools.	Mar/17/2021
Computational Determination of Potential Multiprotein Targeting Natural Compounds for Rational Drug Design Against SARS-COV-2	Jan/28/2021
Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19	Apr/24/2020
In silico screening of known small molecules to bind ACE2 specific RBD on Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 for repurposing against COVID-19.	Jul/01/2020
The potential of glycyrrhizin and licorice extract in combating COVID-19 and associated conditions.	Feb/17/2021
Chemical composition and pharmacological mechanism of Qingfei Paidu Decoction and Ma Xing Shi Gan Decoction against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): In silico and experimental study	Apr/29/2020
Brief report on the HMGB1-antagonism exerted by glycyrrhizin could be fruitful against COVID-19	Oct/01/2021
Symptomatic Protective Action of Glycyrrhizin (Licorice) in COVID-19 Infection?	May/28/2020
Mechanism of the enhancing effect of glycyrrhizin on nifedipine penetration through a lipid membrane	Oct/09/2021
Therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against COVID-19: The role of antiviral medicinal metabolites.	Dec/11/2020
In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Terpenes and Cannabidiol against Human Coronavirus E229	Dec/13/2021
Glycyrrhizic Acid Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Blocking Spike Protein-Mediated Cell Attachment	Nov/14/2020
Promising terpenes as SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) attachment inhibitors to the human ACE2 receptor: Integrated computational approach.	Oct/07/2020
Integrative pharmacological mechanism of vitamin C combined with glycyrrhizic acid against COVID-19: findings of bioinformatics analyses	Sep/02/2021
Computational studies on the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron SGp RBD with human receptor ACE2, limonin and glycyrrhizic acid	Mar/01/2022
Combining SARS-CoV-2 Proofreading Exonuclease and RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as a Strategy to Combat COVID-19: A High-Throughput in silico Screening.	Jul/20/2021
Oncopreventive and oncotherapeutic potential of licorice triterpenoid compound glycyrrhizin and its derivatives: Molecular insights	Dec/11/2020
Identification of potential natural inhibitors of the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using a computational docking approach	Aug/21/2020
Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated by Intensive Immune Suppression Therapy With a Combination of Steroid Pulse and Tocilizumab Followed by a Tapering Dose of Steroid Therapy During the Delta (B.1.617.2) Variant Outbreak: A Successfully Treated Case	Nov/07/2021
Potential Natural Products Against Respiratory Viruses: A Perspective to Develop Anti-COVID-19 Medicines	Sep/18/2021
Potential inhibitor for blocking binding between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with mutations	Jan/25/2021
In Silico Comparison of Separate or Combinatorial Effects of Potential Inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 Binding Site of ACE2	Jun/30/2021
Combined Nasal, Oropharyngeal Povidone Iodine Plus Glycyrrhizic Acid Sprays, Accelerate Clinical and Laboratory Recovery and Reduces Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial	May/18/2021
A Novel Combination of Vitamin C, Curcumin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Potentially Regulates Immune and Inflammatory Response Associated with Coronavirus Infections: A Perspective from System Biology Analysis	Mar/03/2022
Potential effect of Maxing Shigan decoction against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) revealed by network pharmacology and experimental verification.	Jan/26/2021
Exploration of the Mechanism of Lianhua Qingwen in Treating Influenza Virus Pneumonia and New Coronavirus Pneumonia with the Concept of "Different Diseases with the Same Treatment" Based on Network Pharmacology	May/25/2021

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04553705	Omega-3, Nigella Sativa, Indian Costus, Quinine, Anise Seed, Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice, Artemisinin, Febrifugine on Immunity of Patients With (COVID-19)	Recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Sep/20/2020	Dec/04/2020
Alternative id - TQ/Omega-3 on COVID-19\|DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/u56fc Interventions - Drug: Omega 3/Nigella Sativa Oil\|Drug: Omega 3/Nigella Sativa Oil/Indian Costus\|Drug: Omega 3/Nigella Sativa Oil/Quinine pills\|Drug: Omega 3/Nigella Sativa Oil/Anise seed capsule\|Drug: Omega 3/Nigella Sativa Oil/Deglycyrrhizinated Licorice\|Drug: Active Comparator Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Maternity and Children hospital, Mecca, Makkah, Saudi Arabia Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 200 Age - 25 Years to 40 Years (Adult) Outcome measures - Clinical improvement\|Recovery rate from positive to negative swaps\|Fever to normal temperature in days\|Remission of lung inflammation in CT or X-ray\|Length of hospitalization\|(PCR levels) polymerase chain reaction assay levels\|Respiratory indexes\|C-reactive protein mg/L\|Serum Ferritin ng/ml\|Lactic acid dehydrogenase U/L\|leukocytes count μl\|Lipid profile [LDL, HDL, Total cholesterol ]\|total plasma antioxidant capacity

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