Other substances

Fluoxetine

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - pre-clinical evidence

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Fluoxetine is a diphenhydramine selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It has antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anti-obsessional, and anti-bulimic properties. It could also suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, which would be beneficial for cytokine storm management (NCIt).

Fluoxetine on DrugBank
Fluoxetine on PubChem
Fluoxetine on Wikipedia

Synonyms

Prozac

Marketed as

ADOFEN; ANIMEX-ON; FLUOXEREN; FLUOXETINE; FLUOXETINE HYDROCHLORIDE; FONTEX; LADOSE; PROZAC; SARAFEM

CNCCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(F)(F)F

Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
Sphingolipid Biosynthesis Inhibition As A Host Strategy Against Diverse Pathogens Preprint	Theory only		molecular function highly similar to chloroquine	Apr/14/2020
The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Preprint	VERO cells		Fluoxetine treatment resulted in a decrease in viral protein expression.	Jun/14/2020
Dual Targeting of 3CLpro and PLpro of SARS-CoV-2: A Novel Structure-Based Design Approach to treat COVID-19 3CLpro RdRpol Small molecule In silico	in silico		Predicted to bind both the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and 3C-like protease.	Dec/10/2020
The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human lung tissue Small molecule In vitro	Vero cells; human lung tissue	4.00	The drug inhibited SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 of 387 ng/ml in Vero cells. It displayed antiviral activity in human lung tissue ex vivo. The R-stereoisomer, which is not the dominant serotonin reuptake inhibitor, showed efficacy, as well.	Mar/15/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Potential Role of the Antidepressants Fluoxetine and Fluvoxamine in the Treatment of COVID-19.	May/15/2021
Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study.	Mar/18/2021
Treatment of Catatonia with Asenapine in a Patient with Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Psychotic Depression and Septic Shock from SARSCoV- 2 - A Case Report.	Feb/27/2021
Withanone Ameliorates Stress Symptoms in Caenorhabditis Elegans by Acting through Serotonin Receptors.	Jan/25/2021
Fluoxetine use is associated with improved survival of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: A retrospective case-control study.	Mar/12/2021
Fluoxetine hydrochloride loaded lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles showed possible efficiency against SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Aug/18/2021
Drug repurposing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: Could these drugs help fight COVID-19 and save lives?	Mar/19/2021
Drug synergy of combinatory treatment with remdesivir and the repurposed drugs fluoxetine and itraconazole effectively impairs SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro	May/22/2021
Mortality Risk Among Patients With COVID-19 Prescribed Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Antidepressants	Nov/01/2021
Widely available lysosome targeting agents should be considered as potential therapy for COVID-19	Jun/06/2020
Fluoxetine as an anti-inflammatory therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Feb/25/2021
Targeting the endolysosomal host-SARS-CoV-2 interface by clinically licensed functional inhibitors of acid sphingomyelinase (FIASMA) including the antidepressant fluoxetine	Sep/26/2020
Combination Therapy with Fluoxetine and the Nucleoside Analog GS-441524 Exerts Synergistic Antiviral Effects against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro.	Sep/03/2021
Pharmacological Inhibition of Acid Sphingomyelinase Prevents Uptake of SARS-CoV-2 by Epithelial Cells.	Oct/29/2020
Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs Reduce Viral Infection by SARS-CoV-2 and Fluoxetine Shows Antiviral Activity Against the Novel Variants in vitro	Jun/07/2021

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT05283954	Use of a Combined Regimen of Fluoxetine, Prednisolone and Ivermectin in the Treatment of Mild COVID-19 to Prevent Disease Progression Progression in Papua New Guinea	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	May/01/2022	Jul/30/2022
Alternative id - Fluo-Pred-Iver Interventions - Drug: Combination regimen: Fluoxetine, Prednisolone, Ivermectin\|Drug: Combination regimen: Albendazole, Vitamin C Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Double (Participant, Care Provider)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 954 Age - 18 Years to 99 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - COVID-19 disease progression\|SARS-CoV-2 viral load\|COVID-19 WHO Clinical progression scale score\|Adverse Events
NCT04377308	Fluoxetine to Reduce Intubation and Death After COVID19 Infection	Recruiting	Phase 4	May/01/2020	Oct/20/2021
Alternative id - FRIDA COVID19 Interventions - Drug: Fluoxetine Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States Study designs - Allocation: Non-Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 2000 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Hospitalizations\|Intubation\|Death\|Number of days of illness\|PHQ-9 score for depressive symptoms,\|generalized anxiety Disorder-7 scale
NCT04780152	TDCS in Pediatric and Teenage Patients With Major Depressive Disorder During COVID-19 Pandemic	Recruiting	Phase 2\|Phase 3	Oct/01/2021	Sep/01/2022
Alternative id - 54/20 Interventions - Device: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation\|Device: Placebo-simulation of transcranial direct current stimulation\|Drug: Fluoxetine Tablets Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Ciudad De México, Mexico Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 172 Age - 10 Years to 17 Years (Child) Outcome measures - Change of Children Depression Inventory score from the beginning to the end of the study\|Change of Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale score from the beginning to the end of the study\|Change of Young Mania Rating Scale score from the begining to the end of the study
NCT04570449	Fluoxetine to Reduce Hospitalization From COVID-19 Infection (FloR COVID-19)	Withdrawn	Early Phase 1	Nov/01/2020	Dec/01/2021
Alternative id - 00015598 Interventions - Drug: Fluoxetine\|Drug: Placebo Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Milton S. Hershey Medical Center Clinical Research Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 0 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Rate of hospitalization\|Physical symptoms assessed through daily checklist\|Rate of intubation\|Rate of death\|Depressive symptoms assessed weekly\|Post traumatic stress disorder symptoms assessed weekly\|Anxiety symptoms assessed weekly\|Suicidality assessed daily

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