Other substances

Disulfiram

A proteasome and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - theoretical effect

How it helps

Antiviral

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Disulfiram on PubChem

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Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
Discovering drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).	in silico			Feb/22/2020
Targeted Oxidation Strategy (TOS) for Potential Inhibition of Coronaviruses by Disulfiram — a 70-Year Old Anti-Alcoholism Drug Preprint	in silico		promising TOS II drug candidate targeting the two thiol proteases of 2019-nCoV is proposed upon virtual screening of 32143 disulfides	Mar/05/2020

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Disulfiram use is associated with lower risk of COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study	Dec/30/2020
Design and Evaluation of Bispidine-Based SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.	Sep/29/2021
FDA-approved thiol-reacting drugs that potentially bind into the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, essential for viral replication	Dec/17/2020
Disulfiram-loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles for treating inflammatory diseases	Nov/04/2021
A computational evaluation of targeted oxidation strategy (TOS) for potential inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 by disulfiram and analogues.	May/28/2021
Multi-targeting of functional cysteines in multiple conserved SARS-CoV-2 domains by clinically safe Zn-ejectors.	Sep/01/2020
Ebselen, Disulfiram, Carmofur, PX-12, Tideglusib, and Shikonin Are Nonspecific Promiscuous SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors.	Oct/09/2020
Invalidation of dieckol and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors and the discovery of PGG as a papain-like protease inhibitor	May/12/2022
Validation and invalidation of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors using the Flip-GFP and Protease-Glo luciferase assays	May/05/2021
Disulfiram inhibits neutrophil extracellular trap formation and protects rodents from acute lung injury and SARS-CoV-2 infection	Nov/05/2021
SAR and QSAR of COVID-19 Main Protease-Inhibitor Interactions of Recently X-ray Crystalized Complexes	Feb/03/2022
Molecular modelling studies unveil potential binding sites on human serum albumin for selected experimental and in silico COVID-19 drug candidate molecules	Apr/19/2022
Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication Using Disulfiram/Ebselen and Remdesivir.	Mar/26/2021

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04594343	Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effects of Disulfiram in Patients With Moderate COVID-19	Completed	Phase 2	Nov/20/2020	Sep/25/2021
Alternative id - SPR-001-201 Interventions - Drug: Disulfiram\|Drug: Placebo Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - ETICA, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 140 Age - 35 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Time to clinical improvement\|Mean number of days of supplemental oxygen (WHO score ≥4)\|Time to discharge from the hospital\|Percentage of subjects that are discharged by Day 8\|Percentage of subjects that worsened 1 or more points on the WHO Ordinal Scale, from baseline to any post baseline assessment through Day 28.\|Mean number of days of non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices or invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO Score 5 or 6) over the 28-day period.\|Mean number of days subjects were in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)\|Percentage of subjects that were on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices or invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO Score 5 or 6) over the 28-day period.\|28-day mortality
NCT04485130	DISulfiram for COvid-19 (DISCO) Trial	Recruiting	Phase 2	May/01/2021	Apr/30/2022
Alternative id - DSF151837 Interventions - Drug: Disulfiram\|Drug: Placebo Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - University of California San Francisco, Fresno, Fresno, California, United States\|San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States Study designs - Allocation: Randomized\|Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment\|Masking: Quadruple (Participant, Care Provider, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 60 Age - 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Immunologic impact of 5 days of disulfiram, as measured by the fold-change in plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g, interleukin 6, interleukin 1-beta, etc.).\|Virologic impact of 5 days of disulfiram, as measured by the fold-change in copies of SARS-CoV-2 virus per million cells between Baseline and Day 31.\|Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events as assessed by CTCAE v4.0\|Change in COVID-19 symptom severity score as assessed by a 5-point adapted somatic symptom severity score (SSS-8)

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