Colchicine

No side effects were observed. Treatment resulted in clinical (inflammation) and radiological (pulmonary) improvement. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 1 mg + 0.5 mg after one hour on day 1, then 0.5 mg twice a day until day 20. 

In 1 mg/day dosing subgroup, the mortality and ICU admission rates were lower compared to the 0.5 mg/day subgroup. Colchicine reduced median length of hospital stay (it did not significantly reduce other outcome measures, however). Sample size: 165 + 171 control. Dosage: 0.5 or 1 mg daily. Main outcome: Mortality, the length of hospital stay, ICU admission, additional anti-inflammatory treatment requirement.

Patients who received colchicine had lower mortality and intubation rate, showed significant decrease in inflammatory markers, and had higher hospital discharge rate. Significantly higher proportion of patients in the control group suffered from renal failure at baseline, however. Sample size: 34 + 78 control. Dosage: 0.6 mg twice a day on days 1-3; 0.6 mg daily on days 4-12.

Significantly lower proportion of patients treated with colchicine reached primary clinical endpoint compared to the control group. No statistically significant differences in peak troponin and CRP levels were observed between the groups. The increase in the D-dimer plasma levels was lower in the colchicine group. Sample size: 55 + 50 control. Dosage: 1.5 mg loading dose followed by 0.5 mg after 60 min; 0.5 mg twice daily for up to three weeks. Endpoint: 2-point clinical deterioration on an ordinal scale (primary clinical outcome).

In a kidney transplant patient on immunosuppressive therapy, who had fever, high CRP levels, erythema, poly-arthralgia, and pericardial fluid even after a negative RT-PCR test, colchicine treatment was initiated on day 51. The patient became asymptomatic within 2 days. Dosage: 0.5 mg daily for four weeks.

There was an improvement in all of the primary outcomes (except for mortality, which could not be assessed). Sample size: 36 + 36 placebo. Dosage: 0.5 mg three times a day on days 1-5; 0.5 mg two times a day on days 6-10. Endpoints (primary): Death rate, ICU admission rate and length of stay, length of hospital stay, and need for oxygen supplementation.

A rapid clinical improvement was observed after colchicine treatment initiation in a COVID-19 patient with cardiac injury. The treatment was initiated upon clinical deterioration (11-days after symptom onset). Dosage: 0.5 mg every 8 hours.

Predicted to bind SARS-CoV-2 Membrane protein.

Clinical and radiological improvement was observed in a series of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia after a sequential treatment with doxycycline on week 1 and doxycycline with colchicine on week 2. Sample size: 5. Dosage: 0.5 mg a day. 
 

Lower mortality and higher rate of clinical improvement by day 21 was observed in the treatment group compared to the control. Sample size: 71 + 70 control. Dosage: 1 mg daily for 21 days or until clinical improvement. 

A higher pulmonary clinical improvement was observed in the treatment group compared to the control. Sample size: 89 + 63 control. Dosage: 0.5 mg daily on days 1–3, 1 mg daily on days 4–15. 

Systematic clinical improvement was observed in a patient following the treatment initiation using colchicine, montelukast, and acetylsalicylic acid. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 0.6 mg every 12 hours. 

Improvement in clinical status and reduction in the levels of inflammation markers was observed following the initiation of treatment with colchicine. The drug was safe. Sample size: 1. Dosage: 1 mg daily for 14 days. 

Lower mortality and shorter median length of hospital stay was observed in the treatment group compared to the control. Sample size: 14 + 21 control. Dosage: 1 mg + 0.5 mg after one hour on day 1, then 0.5 mg twice a day until day 5. 

Patients in the treatment group displayed significant improvement in an assessed clinical score (including decrease in levels of inflammation markers and decrease in supplementary oxygen requirement). Sample size: 21 + 22 control. Dosage: 1 mg daily for 1 to 3 days, then 0.5 mg daily for 14 days. Main outcome: Clinical score change.

A five-day treatment with a combination of colchicine, furosemide, prednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid, and a direct anti-Xa drug resulted in a significantly better outcome compared to the control. Sample size: 28 + 40 control. Dosage: 1 mg loading dose followed by 0.5 mg after one hour, then 0.5 mg every 8 hours for 5 days total. Main outcome: Composite of 28-day mortality, high-flow oxygen therapy requirement or mechanical ventilation requirement.

Lower mortality was observed among the patients treated with corticosteroids and colchicine compared to corticosteroids-only group. The difference was not statistically significant, however. Sample size: 145 corticosteroids and colchicine + 95 corticosteroids + 61 control. 

In the sub-group of patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, the treatment resulted in statistically significantly lower primary endpoint rate compared to placebo. The difference was statistically insignificant for the whole studied population, however. Sample size: (With complete treatment course) 2157 + 2168 placebo. Dosage: 0.5 mg twice a day on days 1–3; 0.5 mg daily on days 4–30. Main outcome: Death or hospital admission for COVID-19 composite.

The combined treatment using colchicine, emtricitabine, tenofovir, and rosuvastatin resulted in lower mortality and invasive mechanical ventilation need compared to control. Sample size: (ITT) 159 + 161 control. Dosage: 0.5 mg daily for 14 days. Main outcome: 28-day mortality.

In the cohort of treated patients, better survival at day 21 was observed compared to the control group. Sample size: 122 + 142 control. Dosage: 1 mg daily (0.5 mg daily if severe diarrhoea).