Other substances

Adenosine

A ribonucleoside.

Phase of research

Potential treatment - clinical evidence

How it helps

Other treatment

Drug status

Used to treat other disease

Supporting references

Contradictory references

AI-suggested references

Clinical trials

General information

Adenosine is a ribonucleoside with vasodilatory, antiarrhythmic, and analgesic properties (NCIt).

Adenosine on DrugBank
Adenosine on PubChem
Adenosine on Wikipedia

Marketed as

ADENOCARD; ADENOCOR; ADENOJECT; ADENOSCAN; ADENOSINE; ADENOZ; ADENOZER; ADESIN; ADREKAR; ATÉPADÈNE; CARDIMAX; CARDIOVERT; KRENOSIN; OSIDEN; PISDENO

C1=NC(=C2C(=N1)N(C=N2)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)N

Supporting references

Link	Tested on	Impact factor	Notes	Publication date
Efficacy and Effect of Inhaled Adenosine Treatment in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Small molecule Cohort study	Inpatients	5.09	Inhaled adenosine reduced the length of hospital stay. Improvement in some inflammation and oxygenation parameters was observed, as well. The treatment was safe. Sample size: 12 + 12 control. Dosage: 9 mg every 12 hours, then once a day for 4 days.	Mar/18/2021

AI-suggested references

Link	Publication date
Investigation of the effects of three different generations of fluoroquinolone derivatives on antioxidant and immunotoxic enzyme levels in different rat tissues.	Oct/04/2021
The adenosine analog prodrug ATV006 is orally bioavailable and has preclinical efficacy against parental SARS-CoV-2 and variants.	Sep/07/2022
Therapeutic targets of natural products for the management of cardiovascular symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019.	Jul/15/2020
Structural Bioinformatics Used to Predict the Protein Targets of Remdesivir and Flavones in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.	Oct/08/2021
Computational study of novel inhibitory molecule, 1-(4-((2S,3S)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)piperazin-1-yl)-3-phenylurea, with high potential to competitively block ATP binding to the RNA dependent RNA polymerase of SARS-CoV-2 virus.	Jun/21/2021
Telacebec (Q203): Is there a novel effective and safe anti-tuberculosis drug on the horizon?	Nov/09/2020
Novel adenosine derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: an in silico perspective	Jun/24/2021
Randomized controlled trials of remdesivir in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients: A meta-analysis.	Feb/12/2021
Upregulation of cAMP prevents antibody-mediated thrombus formation in COVID-19	Oct/11/2021
A network biology approach to identify crucial host targets for COVID-19	Mar/29/2022
A raising dawn of pentoxifylline in management of inflammatory disorders in Covid-19	Apr/29/2022
Combination of mesenchymal stem cells and nicorandil: an emerging therapeutic challenge against COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ dysfunction	May/17/2022
Off-Target In Vitro Profiling Demonstrates that Remdesivir Is a Highly Selective Antiviral Agent	Jan/20/2021
Metabolites with SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Activity Identified from Human Microbiome Commensals	Jun/25/2021
Chemo-Enzymatic Modification of the 5' Cap Maintains Translation and Increases Immunogenic Properties of mRNA	Apr/01/2022
Insights into antiviral mechanisms of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine affecting the new SARS-CoV-2.	Aug/24/2020
The utility of remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2: A single tertiary care center experience from a developing country	Feb/08/2022
Mechanistic insight on the remdesivir binding to RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-cov-2.	Nov/27/2020
5-Iodotubercidin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 RNA synthesis	Jan/29/2022
New putative insights into neprilysin (NEP)-dependent pharmacotherapeutic role of roflumilast in treating COVID-19.	Oct/01/2020
Therapeutic effects of adenosine in high flow 21% oxygen aereosol in patients with Covid19-pneumonia	Nov/30/2020
ADME and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Remdesivir: Its Drug Interaction Potential.	Jul/08/2021
Remdesivir induces persistent mitochondrial and structural damage in human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes	Feb/28/2020
Allosteric Activation of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase by Remdesivir Triphosphate and Other Phosphorylated Nucleotides	Apr/26/2021
Self-Amplifying Pestivirus Replicon RNA Encoding Influenza Virus Nucleoprotein and Hemagglutinin Promote Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Pigs.	Jan/28/2021
Possible Beneficial Actions of Caffeine in SARS-CoV-2	May/22/2021
Antimicrobial properties of diethylamine NONOate, a nitric oxide donor, against Escherichia coli: a pilot study	Dec/28/2020
Akt-independent effects of triciribine on ACE2 expression in human lung epithelial cells: Potential benefits in restricting SARS-CoV2 infection	Feb/24/2021
Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID-19 patients Hypothesis: Pentoxifylline is a potential cytokine modulator therapeutic in COVID-19 patients	Jul/28/2020
Real life Study on the Pharmacokinetic of Remdesivir in ICU patients admitted for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia	Jun/08/2021
Remdesivir: A Closer Look at Its Effect in COVID-19 Pandemic	Nov/12/2021
Combination Therapy with Fluoxetine and the Nucleoside Analog GS-441524 Exerts Synergistic Antiviral Effects against Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants In Vitro.	Sep/03/2021
Deep Learning Based Drug Screening for Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCov	Jun/01/2020
Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole	Jul/02/2020
Saporin, a Polynucleotide-Adenosine Nucleosidase, May Be an Efficacious Therapeutic Agent for SARS-CoV-2 Infection	Apr/21/2020
Key Metabolic Enzymes Involved in Remdesivir Activation in Human Lung Cells	Nov/22/2021
Piece of the puzzle: Remdesivir disassembles the multimeric SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex	Apr/01/2021
Cordycepin: a bioactive metabolite of Cordyceps militaris and polyadenylation inhibitor with therapeutic potential against COVID-19	Jun/03/2021
Effects of Drugs Formerly Proposed for COVID-19 Treatment on Connexin43 Hemichannels	Apr/30/2022
Fragment binding to the Nsp3 macrodomain of SARS-CoV-2 identified through crystallographic screening and computational docking	Jun/30/2020
Molecular mechanism of inhibition of COVID-19 main protease by beta-adrenoceptor agonists and adenosine deaminase inhibitors using in silico methods	Jul/06/2020
Structural insight into the recognition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and sinefungin in SARS-CoV-2 Nsp16/Nsp10 RNA cap 2'-O-Methyltransferase.	Oct/01/2020
Discovery of Drug-Like Ligands for the Mac1 Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3	Jan/07/2021
Structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation of SARS-CoV-2 Guanine-N7 methyltransferase (nsp14) for identifying antiviral inhibitors against COVID-19	Jun/22/2020
Pentoxifylline: A Drug with Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Effects to Be Considered in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.	Oct/13/2020
2'- and 3'-Ribose Modifications of Nucleotide Analogues Establish the Structural Basis to Inhibit the Viral Replication of SARS-CoV-2	May/03/2022
Potent Inhibitory Activities of the Adenosine Analogue Cordycepin on SARS-CoV-2 Replication	Jul/03/2021
Remdesivir (GS-5734) Impedes Enterovirus Replication Through Viral RNA Synthesis Inhibition.	Jun/12/2020
Repositioning of pentoxifylline as an immunomodulator and regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in the treatment of COVID-19	Mar/11/2022
Immunotherapy of COVID-19 with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: starting with nicotinamide	Oct/17/2020
A potential therapeutic combination for treatment of COVID-19: Synergistic effect of DPP4 and RAAS suppression.	Aug/14/2020
Pentoxifylline as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy for COVID-19: Impeding the Burden of the Cytokine Storm	Feb/14/2022
S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase inhibitor DZNep blocks transcription and translation of SARS-CoV-2 genome with a low tendency to select for drug-resistant viral variants	Apr/14/2022
Design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp3 macrodomain.	May/11/2022

Clinical trials

ID	Title	Status	Phase	Start date	Completion date
NCT04588441	The ARCTIC Trial: Aerosolized Inhaled Adenosine Treatment in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Caused by COVID-19	Not yet recruiting	Phase 2	Sep/01/2021	Dec/01/2022
Alternative id - IRB202002127\|OCR39505 Interventions - Drug: Adenosine Study type - Interventional Study results - No Results Available Locations - Study designs - Allocation: N/A\|Intervention Model: Single Group Assignment\|Masking: None (Open Label)\|Primary Purpose: Treatment Enrollment - 30 Age - 18 Years to 105 Years (Adult, Older Adult) Outcome measures - Improved COVID-19 symptoms

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